1
00:02:20,391 --> 00:02:22,893
When I sit down to write a book,

2
00:02:23,185 --> 00:02:25,478
I do not say to myself,

3
00:02:25,479 --> 00:02:27,773
"I'm going to produce a work of art."

4
00:02:29,608 --> 00:02:33,904
I write it because there is some lie
that I want to expose,

5
00:02:34,697 --> 00:02:37,908
some fact
to which I want to draw attention,

6
00:02:39,159 --> 00:02:42,746
and my initial concern
is to get a hearing.

7
00:02:44,832 --> 00:02:49,545
My starting point
is always a feeling of partisanship,

8
00:02:50,254 --> 00:02:52,590
a sense of injustice.

9
00:02:59,847 --> 00:03:01,265
Two and two.

10
00:03:01,891 --> 00:03:03,433
Four.

11
00:03:03,434 --> 00:03:04,935
-Again?
- Four.

12
00:03:05,436 --> 00:03:08,230
Good, there are people
who'll tell you the answer's five.

13
00:03:12,109 --> 00:03:14,612
Usually, they're called government.

14
00:03:16,280 --> 00:03:17,740
Great leaders,

15
00:03:19,491 --> 00:03:21,577
it becomes very important to them

16
00:03:22,369 --> 00:03:25,831
that the people should believe
that the answer's five.

17
00:03:26,498 --> 00:03:28,292
They'll tell you lies.

18
00:03:29,835 --> 00:03:31,545
They'll torture you.

19
00:03:33,380 --> 00:03:34,757
They'll kill you.

20
00:03:37,134 --> 00:03:39,178
At the moment of death,

21
00:03:39,970 --> 00:03:42,556
you must still insist that the answer

22
00:03:43,098 --> 00:03:44,599
is four.

23
00:04:12,920 --> 00:04:15,839
April 18th, 1984.

24
00:04:17,883 --> 00:04:19,510
Nobody keeps a diary today.

25
00:04:20,719 --> 00:04:24,807
Because to do so
would be punishable by death.

26
00:04:31,105 --> 00:04:32,606
I don't care anymore.

27
00:04:34,024 --> 00:04:36,609
I found this old book by chance.

28
00:04:39,029 --> 00:04:42,700
I'm going to set down
what I dare not say aloud to anyone.

29
00:04:52,001 --> 00:04:55,962
This, in 1984, is London,

30
00:04:55,963 --> 00:04:58,464
chief city of Airstrip 1,

31
00:04:58,465 --> 00:05:01,260
a province of the state of Oceania.

32
00:05:18,277 --> 00:05:22,448
From a very early age,
perhaps the age of five or six,

33
00:05:23,532 --> 00:05:26,909
I knew that when I grew up
I should be a writer.

34
00:05:28,454 --> 00:05:32,331
I had the lonely child's habit
of making up stories

35
00:05:32,332 --> 00:05:36,128
and holding conversations
with imaginary persons.

36
00:05:37,504 --> 00:05:40,214
I knew that I had a facility with words

37
00:05:40,215 --> 00:05:43,135
and a power of facing unpleasant facts,

38
00:05:44,428 --> 00:05:47,513
and I felt that this created
a sort of private world

39
00:05:47,514 --> 00:05:49,640
in which I could get my own back

40
00:05:49,641 --> 00:05:52,519
for my failure in everyday life.

41
00:05:54,188 --> 00:05:57,649
I wanted to write
enormous naturalistic novels.

42
00:06:56,583 --> 00:06:59,128
There's no such thing as "Rohingya."

43
00:07:17,604 --> 00:07:21,440
I do not think
one can assess a writer's motives

44
00:07:21,441 --> 00:07:24,695
without knowing something
of his early development.

45
00:07:36,957 --> 00:07:41,502
His subject matter will be determined
by the age he lives in.

46
00:07:41,503 --> 00:07:45,840
At least this is true
in tumultuous, revolutionary ages

47
00:07:45,841 --> 00:07:47,259
like our own.

48
00:07:56,560 --> 00:07:58,811
{\an8}When I was not yet 20,

49
00:07:58,812 --> 00:08:02,357
I went to Burma
in the Indian Imperial Police.

50
00:08:06,862 --> 00:08:10,072
In an outpost of empire like Burma,

51
00:08:10,073 --> 00:08:14,244
the class question appeared
at first sight to have been shelved.

52
00:08:14,828 --> 00:08:17,038
Most of the white men in Burma

53
00:08:17,039 --> 00:08:21,209
were not of the type who in England
would be called gentlemen,

54
00:08:21,210 --> 00:08:24,420
but they were white men
in contradistinction

55
00:08:24,421 --> 00:08:27,173
to the other and inferior class,

56
00:08:27,174 --> 00:08:28,467
the natives.

57
00:08:31,595 --> 00:08:33,512
In the free air of England,

58
00:08:33,513 --> 00:08:37,059
that kind of thing
is not fully intelligible.

59
00:08:38,227 --> 00:08:40,270
In order to hate imperialism,

60
00:08:40,729 --> 00:08:42,439
you've got to be part of it,

61
00:08:43,106 --> 00:08:46,275
but it is not possible
to be part of such a system

62
00:08:46,276 --> 00:08:50,530
without recognizing it
as an unjustifiable tyranny.

63
00:08:51,573 --> 00:08:55,993
Even the thickest-skinned
Anglo-Indian is aware of this.

64
00:08:55,994 --> 00:08:58,663
Every native face
he sees in the street

65
00:08:58,664 --> 00:09:02,458
brings home to him
his monstrous intrusion.

66
00:09:04,002 --> 00:09:06,170
But I was in the police,

67
00:09:06,171 --> 00:09:10,424
which is to say that I was part
of the actual machinery

68
00:09:10,425 --> 00:09:11,968
of despotism.

69
00:09:19,810 --> 00:09:23,438
When I came home on leave in 1927,

70
00:09:24,273 --> 00:09:27,942
I was already half determined
to throw up my job,

71
00:09:27,943 --> 00:09:31,238
and one sniff of English air decided me.

72
00:09:32,614 --> 00:09:36,535
For five years, I have been part
of an oppressive system

73
00:09:37,286 --> 00:09:39,996
and it left me with a bad conscience.

74
00:09:39,997 --> 00:09:43,249
Innumerable remembered faces,

75
00:09:43,250 --> 00:09:45,210
faces of prisoners in the dark,

76
00:09:46,211 --> 00:09:49,630
of men waiting
in the condemned cells,

77
00:09:49,631 --> 00:09:51,674
of subordinates I had bullied

78
00:09:51,675 --> 00:09:54,219
and aged peasants I had snubbed,

79
00:09:54,928 --> 00:09:57,847
of servants and coolies
I had hit with my fist

80
00:09:57,848 --> 00:09:59,474
in moments of rage

81
00:10:00,017 --> 00:10:02,227
haunted me intolerably.

82
00:10:26,960 --> 00:10:30,797
They killed my son! They killed my son!

83
00:10:43,352 --> 00:10:48,440
No book is genuinely free
from political bias.

84
00:10:49,775 --> 00:10:54,070
The opinion that art
should have nothing to do with politics

85
00:10:54,071 --> 00:10:56,947
is itself a political attitude.

86
00:11:20,013 --> 00:11:22,682
Don't go into
the school compound!

87
00:11:23,892 --> 00:11:25,644
Don't!

88
00:11:26,520 --> 00:11:28,814
Don't touch her!

89
00:11:29,606 --> 00:11:31,733
Don't touch my mom!

90
00:11:31,983 --> 00:11:34,444
Don't take her away!

91
00:11:37,406 --> 00:11:40,908
{\an8}I had reduced everything
to the simple theory

92
00:11:40,909 --> 00:11:45,288
{\an8}that the oppressed are always right
and the oppressors are always wrong,

93
00:11:46,832 --> 00:11:50,084
a mistaken theory,
but the natural result

94
00:11:50,085 --> 00:11:52,754
of being one
of the oppressors yourself.

95
00:12:13,191 --> 00:12:15,818
A society becomes totalitarian

96
00:12:15,819 --> 00:12:19,865
when its structure
becomes flagrantly artificial,

97
00:12:20,449 --> 00:12:21,699
that is,

98
00:12:21,700 --> 00:12:24,994
when its ruling class
has lost its function,

99
00:12:24,995 --> 00:12:29,833
but succeeds in clinging to power
by force or fraud,

100
00:12:31,501 --> 00:12:34,462
but to be corrupted
by totalitarianism,

101
00:12:34,463 --> 00:12:38,132
one does not have to live
in a totalitarian country.

102
00:12:50,145 --> 00:12:51,729
Tonight,
I wanted to take a few minutes

103
00:12:51,730 --> 00:12:53,773
to discuss a grave threat to peace.

104
00:12:54,274 --> 00:12:56,026
The threat comes from Iraq.

105
00:12:57,569 --> 00:13:01,156
It arises directly
from the Iraqi regime's own actions,

106
00:13:02,657 --> 00:13:04,284
its history of aggression,

107
00:13:04,868 --> 00:13:08,205
and its drive
toward an arsenal of terror.

108
00:13:08,622 --> 00:13:11,081
We're at war with the people of Eurasia,

109
00:13:11,082 --> 00:13:14,251
the vile and ruthless aggressors
who have committed countless atrocities

110
00:13:14,252 --> 00:13:17,422
and who are guilty of every
bestial crime a human being can commit.

111
00:13:17,797 --> 00:13:20,758
They've laid waste to our land,
destroyed our factories,

112
00:13:20,759 --> 00:13:23,887
looted our homes, massacred
our children, and raped our women!

113
00:13:24,679 --> 00:13:28,849
{\an8}When Iraq finally admitted
to having these weapons in 1995,

114
00:13:28,850 --> 00:13:31,018
{\an8}the quantities were vast.

115
00:13:31,019 --> 00:13:33,979
{\an8}Less than a teaspoon
of dry anthrax,

116
00:13:33,980 --> 00:13:36,440
{\an8}a little bit... about this amount.

117
00:13:36,441 --> 00:13:39,193
{\an8}
This kind of thing happens everywhere,

118
00:13:39,194 --> 00:13:43,989
{\an8}but it is clearly likelier to lead
to outright falsification

119
00:13:43,990 --> 00:13:49,703
{\an8}in societies where only one opinion
is permissible at any given moment.

120
00:13:49,704 --> 00:13:54,042
{\an8}I've made the decision
to conduct a special military operation.

121
00:13:56,378 --> 00:14:00,089
Its aim will be to protect those
who have been persecuted

122
00:14:00,090 --> 00:14:03,802
in the Kyiv regime's genocide
these past eight years.

123
00:14:04,678 --> 00:14:08,430
Our goal therefore
will be to de-militarize

124
00:14:08,431 --> 00:14:09,975
and de-nazify Ukraine.

125
00:14:13,228 --> 00:14:17,314
The organized lying
practiced by totalitarian states

126
00:14:17,315 --> 00:14:20,359
is not, as is sometimes claimed,

127
00:14:20,360 --> 00:14:23,487
a temporary expedient
of the same nature

128
00:14:23,488 --> 00:14:25,615
as military deception.

129
00:14:26,199 --> 00:14:30,077
It is something integral
to totalitarianism,

130
00:14:30,078 --> 00:14:32,371
something that would still continue

131
00:14:32,372 --> 00:14:36,375
even if concentration camps
and secret police forces

132
00:14:36,376 --> 00:14:38,837
had ceased to be necessary.

133
00:14:40,130 --> 00:14:43,507
Totalitarianism demands, in fact,

134
00:14:43,508 --> 00:14:46,802
the continuous alteration of the past

135
00:14:46,803 --> 00:14:50,264
and, in the long run,
probably demands a disbelief

136
00:14:50,265 --> 00:14:54,226
in the very existence
of objective truth.

137
00:14:54,227 --> 00:14:57,564
{\an8}Had we not engaged
in our special military operation,

138
00:14:57,856 --> 00:15:01,276
{\an8}they would have attacked Russia.

139
00:15:01,651 --> 00:15:04,571
{\an8}They, the Nazis,
had long been preparing an attack.

140
00:15:05,363 --> 00:15:07,615
How many fingers
am I holding up, Winston?

141
00:15:07,616 --> 00:15:08,824
Four.

142
00:15:08,825 --> 00:15:13,078
And if Big Brother
were to say not four but five,

143
00:15:13,079 --> 00:15:14,414
then how many?

144
00:15:16,207 --> 00:15:17,083
Four.

145
00:15:19,961 --> 00:15:21,837
How many fingers, Winston?

146
00:15:21,838 --> 00:15:24,590
Stop it!
Anything! Five!

147
00:15:24,591 --> 00:15:26,300
- Stop the pain!
-No, Winston.

148
00:15:26,301 --> 00:15:29,470
There's no use, you are lying.
You still think you see four.

149
00:15:29,471 --> 00:15:31,138
But it's five!

150
00:15:31,139 --> 00:15:33,432
Two and two
do not always make four, Winston.

151
00:15:33,433 --> 00:15:37,269
Sometimes they make five.
Again, how many fingers am I holding up.

152
00:15:40,315 --> 00:15:43,693
August 26, 1946.

153
00:15:44,277 --> 00:15:46,862
A few showers in the afternoon,

154
00:15:46,863 --> 00:15:49,157
otherwise a beautiful day.

155
00:15:50,742 --> 00:15:54,078
When the breeze drops,
the midges were so bad

156
00:15:54,079 --> 00:15:56,790
as to make it almost impossible to work.

157
00:15:57,540 --> 00:16:01,293
One is actually breathing them
into one's nostrils,

158
00:16:01,294 --> 00:16:03,672
and the irritation is maddening.

159
00:16:11,513 --> 00:16:14,598
I was born into what you might describe

160
00:16:14,599 --> 00:16:17,268
as the lower upper-middle class.

161
00:16:20,105 --> 00:16:23,399
People in this class owned no land,

162
00:16:23,400 --> 00:16:27,152
but they felt that they were landowners
in the sight of God

163
00:16:27,153 --> 00:16:29,406
and kept up a semi-aristocratic outlook

164
00:16:30,198 --> 00:16:34,243
{\an8}by going into the professions
and the fighting services

165
00:16:34,244 --> 00:16:36,329
rather than into trade.

166
00:16:39,416 --> 00:16:44,545
To belong to this class, when you were
at the 400-pound-a-year level,

167
00:16:44,546 --> 00:16:46,797
was a queer business

168
00:16:46,798 --> 00:16:51,261
for it meant that your gentility
was almost purely theoretical.

169
00:16:52,470 --> 00:16:56,265
Small boys used to count
the plum stones on their plates

170
00:16:56,266 --> 00:16:59,393
and foretell their destiny by chanting,

171
00:16:59,394 --> 00:17:03,647
"Army, Navy, Church, Medicine, Law."

172
00:17:06,067 --> 00:17:09,486
Theoretically,
you knew all about servants

173
00:17:09,487 --> 00:17:11,238
and how to tip them,

174
00:17:11,239 --> 00:17:16,244
although in practice, you had one,
at most two resident servants.

175
00:17:18,079 --> 00:17:21,373
Theoretically,
you knew how to wear your clothes

176
00:17:21,374 --> 00:17:23,375
and how to order a dinner,

177
00:17:23,376 --> 00:17:28,130
although in practice you could
never afford to go to a decent tailor

178
00:17:28,131 --> 00:17:30,216
or a decent restaurant.

179
00:17:30,925 --> 00:17:34,887
Theoretically,
you knew how to shoot and ride,

180
00:17:34,888 --> 00:17:38,599
although in practice
you had no horses to ride

181
00:17:38,600 --> 00:17:41,518
and not an inch of ground
to shoot over.

182
00:17:43,813 --> 00:17:47,775
It was this
that explained the attraction of India,

183
00:17:47,776 --> 00:17:51,445
more recently Kenya, Nigeria, etc.,

184
00:17:51,446 --> 00:17:53,865
for the lower upper-middle class.

185
00:17:55,200 --> 00:17:59,161
The people who went there
as soldiers and officials

186
00:17:59,162 --> 00:18:01,246
did not go there to make money,

187
00:18:01,247 --> 00:18:05,250
for a soldier or an official
does not want money.

188
00:18:05,251 --> 00:18:08,212
They went there because in India,

189
00:18:08,213 --> 00:18:11,423
with cheap horses, free shooting,

190
00:18:11,424 --> 00:18:13,509
and hordes of black servants,

191
00:18:13,510 --> 00:18:17,679
it was so easy
to play at being a gentleman.

192
00:18:27,315 --> 00:18:30,109
This is your cook. Name's Eza.

193
00:18:30,819 --> 00:18:31,653
Eza.

194
00:18:37,075 --> 00:18:40,161
And this is Juma, houseboy.

195
00:18:41,746 --> 00:18:42,664
Juma.

196
00:18:46,125 --> 00:18:48,794
Come. See your house.

197
00:19:02,100 --> 00:19:04,184
Under the capitalist system,

198
00:19:04,185 --> 00:19:07,521
in order that England may live
in comparative comfort,

199
00:19:07,522 --> 00:19:12,569
100 million Indians
must live on the verge of starvation.

200
00:19:13,945 --> 00:19:17,364
The alternative
is to throw the empire overboard

201
00:19:17,365 --> 00:19:22,286
and reduce England to a cold
and unimportant, little island

202
00:19:22,287 --> 00:19:24,746
where we should all have
to work very hard

203
00:19:24,747 --> 00:19:28,167
and live mainly on herrings
and potatoes.

204
00:19:29,502 --> 00:19:31,795
The fact that has got to be faced

205
00:19:31,796 --> 00:19:34,757
is that to abolish class distinctions

206
00:19:35,383 --> 00:19:37,176
means abolishing a part of yourself.

207
00:19:40,388 --> 00:19:44,517
Here am I,
a typical member of the middle class.

208
00:19:45,018 --> 00:19:49,521
All my notions,
notions of good and evil,

209
00:19:49,522 --> 00:19:52,399
of pleasant and unpleasant,

210
00:19:52,400 --> 00:19:54,277
of funny and serious,

211
00:19:54,861 --> 00:19:57,155
of ugly and beautiful,

212
00:19:57,697 --> 00:20:00,657
are essentially middle-class notions.

213
00:20:10,543 --> 00:20:13,378
Ward 3, Hairmyres Hospital,

214
00:20:13,379 --> 00:20:16,007
East Kilbridge near Glasgow,

215
00:20:16,799 --> 00:20:19,636
first of January, 1948.

216
00:20:27,268 --> 00:20:31,564
Dear Gwen, I believe Mr. Dick
sent you a line about my case.

217
00:20:32,273 --> 00:20:36,151
He said I had a fairly extensive cavity
in the left lung

218
00:20:36,152 --> 00:20:39,405
and also a small patch
at the top of the other lung.

219
00:20:40,281 --> 00:20:44,576
The treatment they are giving me
is to put the left lung out of action,

220
00:20:44,577 --> 00:20:47,622
which is supposed to give it
a better chance to heal.

221
00:20:48,790 --> 00:20:52,710
For the rest,
I am still really very ill and weak.

222
00:20:53,628 --> 00:20:58,423
It is a nice hospital
and everyone is extremely kind to me,

223
00:20:58,424 --> 00:21:02,303
but I have, of course,
done no work for two or three months.

224
00:21:25,868 --> 00:21:29,871
"Some Eurasian prisoners,
guilty of war crimes,

225
00:21:29,872 --> 00:21:32,417
were to be hanged
in the park that evening,"

226
00:21:33,209 --> 00:21:34,877
Winston remembered.

227
00:21:35,586 --> 00:21:39,424
This happened about once a month
and was a popular spectacle.

228
00:21:41,050 --> 00:21:44,302
Children always clamored
to be taken to see it.

229
00:21:44,303 --> 00:21:45,805
"Why can't we go
and see the hanging?"

230
00:21:46,597 --> 00:21:49,474
roared the boy in his huge voice.

231
00:21:49,475 --> 00:21:52,644
"Want to see the hanging,"
chanted the little girl,

232
00:21:52,645 --> 00:21:54,355
still capering 'round.

233
00:21:58,526 --> 00:22:02,697
The warders had formed in a rough circle
around the gallows,

234
00:22:03,239 --> 00:22:06,241
and then, when the noose was fixed,

235
00:22:06,242 --> 00:22:09,037
the prisoner began crying out
on his god.

236
00:22:18,838 --> 00:22:20,923
Minutes seemed to pass.

237
00:22:21,340 --> 00:22:24,676
The steady, muffled crying
from the prisoner

238
00:22:24,677 --> 00:22:26,554
went on and on.

239
00:22:27,221 --> 00:22:30,807
We looked at the lashed,
hooded man on the drop

240
00:22:30,808 --> 00:22:33,268
and listened to his cries,

241
00:22:33,269 --> 00:22:35,855
each cry another second of life.

242
00:22:36,272 --> 00:22:39,149
Oh, kill him quickly. Get it over.

243
00:22:39,150 --> 00:22:41,068
Stop that abominable noise.

244
00:22:52,872 --> 00:22:56,333
Most people approve
of capital punishment,

245
00:22:56,334 --> 00:23:00,046
but most people
wouldn't do the hangman's job.

246
00:23:07,595 --> 00:23:09,262
An example needs to be made!

247
00:23:09,263 --> 00:23:12,225
-Let us in!
-Get in there!

248
00:23:21,609 --> 00:23:22,944
{\an8}Are they trying to get rid
of all of us?

249
00:23:27,949 --> 00:23:31,034
These were peaceful people.
These were great people.

250
00:23:31,035 --> 00:23:33,745
The crowd was unbelievable,

251
00:23:33,746 --> 00:23:36,289
and I mentioned the word "love,"
the love, the love in the air,

252
00:23:36,290 --> 00:23:38,250
I've never seen anything like it.

253
00:23:38,251 --> 00:23:39,626
Get in!

254
00:23:41,879 --> 00:23:44,382
Go! Go! Go!

255
00:23:47,176 --> 00:23:49,011
Come on, go!

256
00:23:55,143 --> 00:23:58,812
Oh, this is about to get dirty, man.
We gotta get back.

257
00:23:58,813 --> 00:24:00,439
He's got a gun. Get down.

258
00:24:12,994 --> 00:24:14,287
Hey!

259
00:24:15,163 --> 00:24:16,664
Fuckin' A, man.

260
00:24:19,500 --> 00:24:21,711
{\an8}No!
We're not putting up with that either.

261
00:24:24,714 --> 00:24:26,507
1776!

262
00:24:29,468 --> 00:24:31,304
America showed up!

263
00:24:37,393 --> 00:24:42,148
{\an8}FBI operatives were organizing
the attack on the Capitol.

264
00:24:56,078 --> 00:24:57,746
I don't believe

265
00:24:57,747 --> 00:24:59,289
{\an8}that Trump supporters did that.

266
00:24:59,290 --> 00:25:02,083
{\an8}I think that they were enticed
by the FBI.

267
00:25:04,921 --> 00:25:09,425
A totalitarian state
is in effect a theocracy

268
00:25:09,884 --> 00:25:11,760
and its ruling caste,

269
00:25:11,761 --> 00:25:13,887
in order to keep its position,

270
00:25:13,888 --> 00:25:16,307
has to be thought of as infallible.

271
00:25:17,850 --> 00:25:20,018
Congress has certified the results.

272
00:25:20,019 --> 00:25:22,021
I don't want to say the election's over.
I just want to say...

273
00:25:23,814 --> 00:25:25,690
Congress has certified the results

274
00:25:25,691 --> 00:25:28,194
without saying the election's over, OK?

275
00:25:28,611 --> 00:25:32,406
My only goal was to ensure
the integrity of the vote.

276
00:25:34,033 --> 00:25:37,703
My only goal was to ensure
the integrity of the vote.

277
00:25:38,621 --> 00:25:43,542
Since, in practice, no one
is infallible, it is frequently necessary

278
00:25:44,126 --> 00:25:46,378
to rearrange past events

279
00:25:46,379 --> 00:25:50,715
in order to show that
this or that mistake was not made

280
00:25:50,716 --> 00:25:54,886
or that this or that imaginary triumph
actually happened.

281
00:25:54,887 --> 00:25:57,389
The Dominion Voting Systems,

282
00:25:57,390 --> 00:26:00,809
the Smartmatic technology software,

283
00:26:00,810 --> 00:26:02,310
and the software that goes

284
00:26:02,311 --> 00:26:05,480
in other computerized
voting systems here as well,

285
00:26:05,481 --> 00:26:07,190
not just Dominion,

286
00:26:07,191 --> 00:26:10,568
were created in Venezuela.

287
00:26:28,129 --> 00:26:32,841
You can tell he hasn't done
anything wrong just by his demeanor.

288
00:26:32,842 --> 00:26:35,343
I mean,
he would be trying to hide things.

289
00:26:35,344 --> 00:26:37,721
Already, there are countless people

290
00:26:37,722 --> 00:26:41,434
who'd think it scandalous
to falsify a scientific textbook,

291
00:26:42,018 --> 00:26:46,271
but would see nothing wrong
in falsifying a historical fact.

292
00:26:46,272 --> 00:26:49,483
Trump is blocking witnesses.

293
00:26:52,737 --> 00:26:53,696
I don't care.

294
00:26:57,783 --> 00:26:59,409
I'm with him to the finish.

295
00:26:59,410 --> 00:27:02,162
He could stand on the front steps
of the White House

296
00:27:02,163 --> 00:27:05,457
and commit murder,
and I'm with him.

297
00:27:14,884 --> 00:27:17,260
How do you explain all these charges?

298
00:27:17,261 --> 00:27:19,262
Well, they're all made up.

299
00:27:19,263 --> 00:27:22,474
- They're all made up?
- Yup, they're all made up.

300
00:27:22,475 --> 00:27:24,434
So, the election interference
in Georgia.

301
00:27:24,435 --> 00:27:28,355
Sidney Powell and Kenneth Chesebro,
who work for Donald Trump,

302
00:27:28,356 --> 00:27:30,523
they just plead guilty...

303
00:27:30,524 --> 00:27:34,319
- I don't believe that either.
- You don't believe they plead guilty?

304
00:27:34,320 --> 00:27:35,237
Nope.

305
00:27:35,988 --> 00:27:39,282
The friends
of totalitarianism in this country

306
00:27:39,283 --> 00:27:42,869
usually tend to argue that,
since absolute truth

307
00:27:42,870 --> 00:27:44,579
is not attainable,

308
00:27:44,580 --> 00:27:49,085
a big lie is no worse than a little lie.

309
00:27:50,044 --> 00:27:54,798
{\an8}The list of Trump lies
filled an entire page

310
00:27:54,799 --> 00:27:56,175
{\an8}of The New York Times.

311
00:27:56,842 --> 00:27:59,386
It includes only what the Times calls

312
00:27:59,387 --> 00:28:02,389
"demonstrably false statements."

313
00:28:33,421 --> 00:28:36,798
Second of January, 1948.

314
00:28:36,799 --> 00:28:41,261
Dear Julian,
thanks ever so for sending the pen,

315
00:28:41,262 --> 00:28:43,639
which, as you see, I am using.

316
00:28:44,723 --> 00:28:47,392
I think I'm getting a bit better.

317
00:28:47,393 --> 00:28:51,522
I don't feel quite so death-like
and I'm eating a lot more.

318
00:28:51,981 --> 00:28:55,150
I can't show you
the part-finished novel.

319
00:28:55,151 --> 00:28:57,444
I never show them to anybody

320
00:28:57,445 --> 00:28:59,612
because they're just a mess

321
00:28:59,613 --> 00:29:03,616
and don't have much of a relationship
to the final draft.

322
00:29:03,617 --> 00:29:06,995
I always say a book doesn't exist

323
00:29:06,996 --> 00:29:08,622
until it is finished.

324
00:29:17,715 --> 00:29:20,633
Every major change in policy

325
00:29:20,634 --> 00:29:24,345
demands a corresponding change
of doctrine

326
00:29:24,346 --> 00:29:28,100
and a revelation
of prominent historical figures.

327
00:29:45,075 --> 00:29:48,203
If the leader says
of such-and-such an event,

328
00:29:48,204 --> 00:29:50,246
"It never happened,"

329
00:29:50,247 --> 00:29:52,666
well, it never happened.

330
00:29:53,834 --> 00:29:57,045
If he says that two and two are five,

331
00:29:57,046 --> 00:30:00,007
well, two and two are five.

332
00:30:01,550 --> 00:30:04,720
This prospect frightens me
much more than bombs

333
00:30:05,513 --> 00:30:07,848
and that is not a frivolous statement.

334
00:30:10,351 --> 00:30:11,769
My friends,

335
00:30:12,019 --> 00:30:16,357
our descendants
will smile on what we'll accomplish.

336
00:30:17,191 --> 00:30:21,361
The age to come
will be an age of fulfillment.

337
00:30:21,362 --> 00:30:24,239
{\an8}The Life of Rosa Parks,

338
00:30:24,240 --> 00:30:28,409
{\an8}this is apparently too woke
by the Republican Party.

339
00:30:28,410 --> 00:30:30,578
{\an8}Song of Solomon

340
00:30:30,579 --> 00:30:34,082
{\an8}is unacceptable to Republican politics.

341
00:30:34,083 --> 00:30:37,752
{\an8}Forty percent of banned books

342
00:30:37,753 --> 00:30:41,297
{\an8}reported are significantly addressing

343
00:30:41,298 --> 00:30:43,926
{\an8}and specifically addressing LGBT issues.

344
00:31:27,720 --> 00:31:31,139
{\an8}When we talk about progressive values,

345
00:31:31,140 --> 00:31:33,766
{\an8}I can say what my progressive value is,

346
00:31:33,767 --> 00:31:36,311
{\an8}and that is freedom over fascism.

347
00:32:40,834 --> 00:32:43,420
{\an8}Let's say you take these books
out of the library.

348
00:32:44,088 --> 00:32:47,298
{\an8}What are you gonna do with them?
Are you gonna put them in the street?

349
00:32:47,299 --> 00:32:50,510
{\an8}Light them on fire?
Where are they going?

350
00:32:50,511 --> 00:32:53,263
{\an8}I don't have a clue,
but I would burn them.

351
00:33:08,112 --> 00:33:10,863
{\an8}
From the totalitarian point of view,

352
00:33:10,864 --> 00:33:13,033
{\an8}history is something to be created

353
00:33:13,575 --> 00:33:15,160
{\an8}rather than learned.

354
00:33:17,621 --> 00:33:19,747
This is what I will do
to the grooming books

355
00:33:19,748 --> 00:33:21,667
when I become
Secretary of State.

356
00:33:40,018 --> 00:33:45,274
Ward 3, Hairmyres Hospital,
20th of April, 1948.

357
00:33:45,941 --> 00:33:49,193
Dear Julian, I am a lot better,

358
00:33:49,194 --> 00:33:51,988
but I had a bad fortnight
with the secondary effects

359
00:33:51,989 --> 00:33:53,741
of the streptomycin.

360
00:33:54,658 --> 00:33:57,618
I am still fearfully weak and thin,

361
00:33:57,619 --> 00:34:00,037
but they seem pleased with my case,

362
00:34:00,038 --> 00:34:02,249
and I think I may get out
sometime during the summer.

363
00:34:04,001 --> 00:34:07,462
I'm longing to get up
to Jura at any rate

364
00:34:07,463 --> 00:34:09,965
and see how the farmwork is going,

365
00:34:10,549 --> 00:34:13,217
but I should have to be careful
not to do much.

366
00:34:24,480 --> 00:34:29,067
The goosestep is one of
the most horrible sights in the world.

367
00:34:29,610 --> 00:34:33,113
It is simply an affirmation
of naked power.

368
00:34:33,822 --> 00:34:38,076
In it is the vision of a boot
crashing down on a face.

369
00:34:39,787 --> 00:34:41,580
The goosestep is not used in England

370
00:34:42,247 --> 00:34:45,374
because the people in the street
would laugh.

371
00:35:08,023 --> 00:35:10,191
First, I spent five years

372
00:35:10,192 --> 00:35:13,403
in an unsuitable profession in Burma.

373
00:35:14,238 --> 00:35:17,783
This increased my natural hatred
of authority.

374
00:35:26,166 --> 00:35:28,668
The Spanish war and other events

375
00:35:28,669 --> 00:35:32,047
in 1936-7 turned the scale,

376
00:35:33,090 --> 00:35:36,426
and thereafter I knew where I stood.

377
00:35:43,308 --> 00:35:47,062
OK, who wants to take the floor?

378
00:35:47,938 --> 00:35:48,729
Teresa.

379
00:35:48,730 --> 00:35:50,147
We have to collectivize.

380
00:35:50,148 --> 00:35:53,401
The men at the front

381
00:35:53,402 --> 00:35:55,653
have no food

382
00:35:55,654 --> 00:35:58,448
and the fascists have left next to nothing
to the villagers.

383
00:35:58,699 --> 00:36:03,160
The village hasn't got enough food.

384
00:36:03,161 --> 00:36:05,496
We must collectivize
as soon as possible.

385
00:36:05,497 --> 00:36:07,957
We need food for ourselves

386
00:36:07,958 --> 00:36:11,753
and those fighting for us
at the front.

387
00:36:12,796 --> 00:36:17,717
I'm all for collectivizing
Don Julian's lands

388
00:36:17,718 --> 00:36:22,889
and redistribution in every form,

389
00:36:22,890 --> 00:36:26,727
but surely we can keep a little bit
for ourselves, right?

390
00:36:39,364 --> 00:36:41,991
Miguel, what is it you want to say?

391
00:36:41,992 --> 00:36:45,703
I'd like to say to our friend here

392
00:36:45,704 --> 00:36:48,915
that it's very good
he wants to work his own land,

393
00:36:48,916 --> 00:36:53,503
but how much better would it be
if we all worked it together?

394
00:36:54,379 --> 00:36:56,964
When the harvest is ready,

395
00:36:56,965 --> 00:36:59,634
are you going to eat all the wheat

396
00:36:59,635 --> 00:37:01,802
and all the potatoes?

397
00:37:01,803 --> 00:37:03,387
You've got it all wrong.

398
00:37:03,388 --> 00:37:07,224
We need everything we have

399
00:37:07,225 --> 00:37:12,104
to be able...
to keep the revolution going.

400
00:37:12,105 --> 00:37:16,150
If we want revolution,
this is what it looks like.

401
00:37:16,151 --> 00:37:17,443
Don't wait for tomorrow.

402
00:37:17,444 --> 00:37:19,070
Jose, there's more at stake than land.

403
00:37:19,071 --> 00:37:21,656
We have to build a new society.

404
00:37:21,657 --> 00:37:25,118
Not everyone all at once! Wait a moment!

405
00:37:26,203 --> 00:37:29,664
Now's the time to make big changes.
What's our lot?

406
00:37:29,665 --> 00:37:31,749
Misery, hunger, hopelessness.

407
00:37:31,750 --> 00:37:36,170
Franco might come back and kill us,

408
00:37:36,171 --> 00:37:40,216
but I say it's worth it
to continue collectivizing

409
00:37:40,217 --> 00:37:42,469
to improve our quality of life.

410
00:37:44,221 --> 00:37:45,347
Let's vote!

411
00:37:45,722 --> 00:37:48,350
All those in favor of collectivization?

412
00:38:02,906 --> 00:38:06,201
31st of July, 1937.

413
00:38:06,868 --> 00:38:10,497
Dear Rayner,
thanks so much for your letter.

414
00:38:10,956 --> 00:38:13,833
I was glad to hear from you.

415
00:38:13,834 --> 00:38:17,796
We had an interesting
but thoroughly bloody time in Spain.

416
00:38:18,797 --> 00:38:21,882
Of course, I would never
have allowed Eileen to come

417
00:38:21,883 --> 00:38:24,385
nor probably gone myself

418
00:38:24,386 --> 00:38:27,096
{\an8}if I had foreseen
the political developments.

419
00:38:27,097 --> 00:38:30,516
{\an8}Especially the suppression
of the POUM,

420
00:38:30,517 --> 00:38:32,476
{\an8}the party in whose militia

421
00:38:32,477 --> 00:38:33,895
{\an8}I was serving.

422
00:38:40,569 --> 00:38:42,611
It was a queer business.

423
00:38:42,612 --> 00:38:46,449
{\an8}We started off by being heroic defenders
of democracy

424
00:38:46,450 --> 00:38:49,326
{\an8}and ended by slipping over the border

425
00:38:49,327 --> 00:38:51,496
{\an8}with the police panting on our heels.

426
00:38:52,497 --> 00:38:55,124
But though we ourselves
got out all right,

427
00:38:55,125 --> 00:38:58,961
nearly all our friends
and acquaintances are in jail

428
00:38:58,962 --> 00:39:01,630
and likely to be there indefinitely

429
00:39:01,631 --> 00:39:04,175
not actually charged with anything,

430
00:39:04,176 --> 00:39:06,928
but suspected of Trotskyism.

431
00:39:07,846 --> 00:39:12,142
{\an8}What I saw in Spain
has given me a horror of politics.

432
00:39:14,936 --> 00:39:16,937
{\an8}But what impressed me then

433
00:39:16,938 --> 00:39:19,024
and has impressed me ever since

434
00:39:19,775 --> 00:39:23,027
{\an8}is that atrocities are believed in
or disbelieved in

435
00:39:23,028 --> 00:39:25,781
{\an8}solely on grounds
of political predilection.

436
00:39:28,283 --> 00:39:31,535
{\an8}Everyone believes
in the atrocities of the enemy

437
00:39:31,536 --> 00:39:34,705
{\an8}and disbelieves
in those of his own side

438
00:39:34,706 --> 00:39:38,417
without ever bothering
to examine the evidence.

439
00:39:48,470 --> 00:39:54,266
Every line of serious work
that I have written since 1936

440
00:39:54,267 --> 00:39:57,436
has been written directly
or indirectly

441
00:39:57,437 --> 00:39:59,730
against totalitarianism

442
00:39:59,731 --> 00:40:02,901
and for democratic socialism
as I understand it.

443
00:40:03,985 --> 00:40:06,070
Revolution!

444
00:40:07,781 --> 00:40:11,617
Animal Farm
was the first book in which I tried,

445
00:40:11,618 --> 00:40:14,245
with full consciousness
of what I was doing,

446
00:40:14,246 --> 00:40:18,040
to fuse political purpose
and artistic purpose

447
00:40:18,041 --> 00:40:20,417
into one whole.

448
00:40:20,418 --> 00:40:22,629
- Read it to me.
- Hm.

449
00:40:23,046 --> 00:40:25,590
"All animals are equal

450
00:40:26,591 --> 00:40:30,177
but some animals
are more equal than others."

451
00:40:30,178 --> 00:40:32,179
More equal than others?

452
00:40:32,180 --> 00:40:35,516
♪ Praise to him
The font of all our wisdom ♪

453
00:40:35,517 --> 00:40:38,186
♪ Long to live the ruler of our farm ♪

454
00:40:38,645 --> 00:40:41,772
♪ Napoleon, mighty leader ♪

455
00:40:41,773 --> 00:40:44,568
♪ Mighty leader watching over us ♪

456
00:40:45,485 --> 00:40:48,237
♪ Napoleon, mighty leader ♪

457
00:40:48,238 --> 00:40:50,739
♪ Mighty leader watching over us ♪

458
00:40:50,740 --> 00:40:53,492
- ♪ Mighty leader watching over us ♪
- ♪ Shout, shout, shout out loud ♪

459
00:40:53,493 --> 00:40:55,286
♪ Snout, snout, pink and proud ♪

460
00:40:55,287 --> 00:40:58,706
♪ Perfect pig
You bless us with your beauty ♪

461
00:40:58,707 --> 00:41:02,209
♪ Hallowed hod
How wonderous is your glow ♪

462
00:41:02,210 --> 00:41:05,254
♪ Napoleon, mighty leader ♪

463
00:41:05,255 --> 00:41:08,257
♪ Mighty leader watching over us ♪

464
00:41:08,258 --> 00:41:11,719
♪ Napoleon, mighty leader ♪

465
00:41:11,720 --> 00:41:14,639
♪ Mighty leader watching over us ♪

466
00:41:17,058 --> 00:41:23,314
♪ Snout, snout, pink and proud
Shout, shout, shout out loud ♪

467
00:41:23,315 --> 00:41:25,901
♪ Two legs better, four legs good ♪

468
00:41:26,318 --> 00:41:29,111
I decree that this farm
will now devote itself

469
00:41:29,112 --> 00:41:31,948
to the making of weapons,
to the building of walls

470
00:41:32,490 --> 00:41:35,284
for the protection of ourselves
and our way of life!

471
00:41:35,285 --> 00:41:37,245
The revolution is over.

472
00:41:38,371 --> 00:41:40,998
All animals are now free!

473
00:42:03,188 --> 00:42:06,691
Take cover at once!
Take cover at once!

474
00:43:15,802 --> 00:43:19,221
Winston tried
to squeeze out some childhood memory

475
00:43:19,222 --> 00:43:23,101
that should tell him whether London
had always been like this.

476
00:43:23,435 --> 00:43:28,147
Were there always these vistas
of rotting 19th-century houses?

477
00:43:28,148 --> 00:43:31,859
Their sides shored up
with baulks of timbers,

478
00:43:31,860 --> 00:43:36,781
their windows pathed with cardboard
and their roofs with corrugated iron,

479
00:43:37,449 --> 00:43:41,578
their crazy garden walls
sagging in all directions,

480
00:43:42,162 --> 00:43:44,246
{\an8}and the bombed sites

481
00:43:44,247 --> 00:43:47,750
{\an8}where the plaster dust
swirled in the air

482
00:43:47,751 --> 00:43:51,795
and the willow-herb
straggled over the heaps of rubble

483
00:43:51,796 --> 00:43:52,963
and the places

484
00:43:52,964 --> 00:43:55,967
{\an8}where the bombs
had cleared a large patch,

485
00:43:56,885 --> 00:44:01,430
{\an8}and there sprung up sordid colonies
of wooden dwellings

486
00:44:01,431 --> 00:44:03,224
like chicken houses.

487
00:44:09,606 --> 00:44:12,775
But it was no use.
He could not remember.

488
00:44:12,776 --> 00:44:15,361
Nothing remained of his childhood

489
00:44:15,362 --> 00:44:18,614
except a series of bright-lit tableaux

490
00:44:18,615 --> 00:44:21,283
occurring against no background

491
00:44:21,284 --> 00:44:23,703
and mostly unintelligible.

492
00:44:24,662 --> 00:44:29,166
♪ Sing to the sailors
On the floating fortress ♪

493
00:44:29,167 --> 00:44:33,796
♪ Sing to the soldiers
On the battlefields ♪

494
00:44:33,797 --> 00:44:38,258
♪ Sing to the airmen
In the burning azure ♪

495
00:44:38,259 --> 00:44:42,346
♪ Sing to the farmers rising yields ♪

496
00:44:42,347 --> 00:44:45,891
It is not easy for me
to think of my school days

497
00:44:45,892 --> 00:44:49,311
without seeming to breathe in
a whiff of something cold

498
00:44:49,312 --> 00:44:50,938
and evil-smelling,

499
00:44:50,939 --> 00:44:54,483
a sort of compound of sweaty stockings,

500
00:44:54,484 --> 00:44:56,276
dirty towels,

501
00:44:56,277 --> 00:44:59,113
fecal smells blowing along corridors,

502
00:44:59,114 --> 00:45:02,449
forks with old food between the prongs,

503
00:45:02,450 --> 00:45:04,451
neck-of-mutton stew,

504
00:45:04,452 --> 00:45:06,662
and the banging doors of the lavatories

505
00:45:06,663 --> 00:45:09,790
and the echoing chamber pots
in the dormitories.

506
00:45:26,641 --> 00:45:30,060
By the social standards
that prevailed about me,

507
00:45:30,061 --> 00:45:33,148
I was no good and could not be any good,

508
00:45:34,023 --> 00:45:38,694
but all the different kinds of virtue
seemed to be mysteriously interconnected

509
00:45:38,695 --> 00:45:41,905
and to belong to much the same people.

510
00:45:41,906 --> 00:45:43,700
It was not only money that mattered.

511
00:45:44,659 --> 00:45:48,454
There were also strength, beauty, charm,

512
00:45:48,455 --> 00:45:52,374
athleticism, and something called "guts"

513
00:45:52,375 --> 00:45:54,209
or character,

514
00:45:54,210 --> 00:45:58,840
which in reality meant the power
to impose your will on others.

515
00:45:59,924 --> 00:46:03,427
I did not possess
any of these qualities.

516
00:46:03,428 --> 00:46:06,847
I lived in a world of boys,
gregarious animals

517
00:46:06,848 --> 00:46:10,601
questioning nothing,
accepting the law of the stronger

518
00:46:10,602 --> 00:46:13,312
and avenging their own humiliations

519
00:46:13,313 --> 00:46:16,399
by passing them down
to someone smaller.

520
00:46:17,025 --> 00:46:19,277
Are you suggesting
we negotiate with them?

521
00:46:21,112 --> 00:46:24,991
- No, I, um...
- Or recognize their sovereignty?

522
00:46:25,992 --> 00:46:28,620
I... I would...

523
00:46:29,662 --> 00:46:31,831
Speak! Say what you mean!

524
00:46:32,373 --> 00:46:36,002
I would support the motion
to recognize...

525
00:46:36,544 --> 00:46:39,172
That's not what this is about.

526
00:46:39,506 --> 00:46:42,299
The question is,
are they independent,

527
00:46:42,300 --> 00:46:44,010
yes or no?

528
00:46:44,886 --> 00:46:45,553
Yes.

529
00:46:46,930 --> 00:46:49,057
There are five fingers there.

530
00:46:49,891 --> 00:46:51,935
Do you see five fingers?

531
00:46:53,311 --> 00:46:54,770
Yes.

532
00:48:30,074 --> 00:48:32,452
This is a political age.

533
00:48:32,994 --> 00:48:37,122
War, fascism, concentration camps,

534
00:48:37,123 --> 00:48:40,042
rubber truncheons, atomic bombs

535
00:48:40,043 --> 00:48:42,045
are what we daily think about

536
00:48:42,920 --> 00:48:47,007
and therefore to a great extent
what we write about,

537
00:48:47,008 --> 00:48:50,094
even when we do not name them openly.

538
00:48:51,888 --> 00:48:53,305
We cannot help this.

539
00:48:53,306 --> 00:48:55,557
When you are on a sinking ship,

540
00:48:55,558 --> 00:48:57,225
your thoughts

541
00:48:57,226 --> 00:48:59,354
will be about sinking ships.

542
00:49:12,992 --> 00:49:17,205
Barnhill, Isle of Jura, Argyllshire.

543
00:49:18,289 --> 00:49:21,626
22nd of October, 1948.

544
00:49:22,210 --> 00:49:24,878
Dear Fred, I shall finish the book,

545
00:49:24,879 --> 00:49:27,590
Deo Volente, early in November,

546
00:49:28,091 --> 00:49:30,718
and I am rather flinching
from the job of typing it

547
00:49:31,219 --> 00:49:33,929
because it is a very awkward thing
to do in bed

548
00:49:33,930 --> 00:49:36,432
where I still have to spend
half the time.

549
00:49:38,059 --> 00:49:42,062
I can't send it away because it is
an unbelievably bad manuscript

550
00:49:42,063 --> 00:49:46,108
and no one could make head or tail of it
without explanation.

551
00:49:46,109 --> 00:49:50,112
I think it is a good idea,
but the execution would have been better

552
00:49:50,113 --> 00:49:54,117
if I had not written it
under the influence of tuberculosis.

553
00:49:54,784 --> 00:49:57,328
I haven't definitely fixed on the title,

554
00:49:57,954 --> 00:50:02,124
but I am hesitating between 1984

555
00:50:02,125 --> 00:50:05,253
and The Last Man in Europe.

556
00:50:14,762 --> 00:50:18,433
When I was 14 or 15,
I was an odious, little snob,

557
00:50:19,892 --> 00:50:23,271
but no worse than other boys
of my own age and class.

558
00:50:24,313 --> 00:50:27,816
I was very young,
not much more than six,

559
00:50:27,817 --> 00:50:31,404
when I first became aware
of class distinctions.

560
00:50:34,741 --> 00:50:37,243
Ah, I think you look pretty smart.

561
00:50:38,077 --> 00:50:39,746
You look like a gentleman.

562
00:50:41,205 --> 00:50:45,292
I despised anyone
who was not describable as a gentleman,

563
00:50:45,293 --> 00:50:48,086
but I also hated the hoggishly rich,

564
00:50:48,087 --> 00:50:51,173
especially those
who had grown rich too recently.

565
00:50:51,174 --> 00:50:55,010
I look down on him
because I am upper class.

566
00:50:55,011 --> 00:50:58,764
I look up to him
because he is upper class,

567
00:50:58,765 --> 00:51:01,892
but I look down on him
because he is lower class.

568
00:51:03,436 --> 00:51:04,896
I am middle class.

569
00:51:07,732 --> 00:51:09,525
I know my place.

570
00:51:10,568 --> 00:51:13,862
Hence, at the age of 17 or 18,

571
00:51:13,863 --> 00:51:15,614
I was both a snob

572
00:51:15,615 --> 00:51:17,325
and a revolutionary.

573
00:51:18,034 --> 00:51:20,368
I was against all authority

574
00:51:20,369 --> 00:51:23,371
and I loosely described myself
as a socialist,

575
00:51:23,372 --> 00:51:26,750
but I had not much grasp
of what socialism meant

576
00:51:26,751 --> 00:51:30,046
and no notion that the working class
were human beings.

577
00:51:30,713 --> 00:51:33,424
We'll have no pissing in the corners.

578
00:51:34,050 --> 00:51:36,259
Not allowed. Frowned upon.

579
00:51:36,260 --> 00:51:39,179
- It's not very hygienic, is it?
-It's downright filthy.

580
00:51:39,180 --> 00:51:41,389
-May I ask a question?
-Fire away.

581
00:51:41,390 --> 00:51:43,642
What's your views on the ozone layer?

582
00:51:43,643 --> 00:51:45,060
I'll turn a blind eye to it

583
00:51:45,061 --> 00:51:47,355
as long as it doesn't interfere
with the job, anything else?

584
00:51:47,814 --> 00:51:51,316
I knew nothing
about working-class conditions.

585
00:51:51,317 --> 00:51:53,360
I had read the unemployment figures,

586
00:51:53,361 --> 00:51:56,321
but I had no notion
of what they implied.

587
00:51:56,322 --> 00:52:00,408
♪ I'm a four-loom weaver ♪

588
00:52:00,409 --> 00:52:04,789
♪ As many a one knows ♪

589
00:52:06,207 --> 00:52:11,545
♪ I've not to eat
And I've worn out me clothes ♪

590
00:52:13,840 --> 00:52:16,341
♪ Me clogs are both broken ♪

591
00:52:16,342 --> 00:52:19,636
Above all,
I did not know the essential fact

592
00:52:19,637 --> 00:52:23,431
that respectable poverty
is always the worst.

593
00:52:23,432 --> 00:52:26,434
The frightful doom
of a decent working man

594
00:52:26,435 --> 00:52:30,522
suddenly thrown on the streets
after a lifetime of steady work,

595
00:52:30,523 --> 00:52:33,900
his agonized struggles
against economic laws

596
00:52:33,901 --> 00:52:35,777
which he does not understand,

597
00:52:35,778 --> 00:52:39,699
the disintegration of families,
the corroding sense of shame,

598
00:52:40,658 --> 00:52:44,202
all this was outside the range
of my experience.

599
00:52:46,372 --> 00:52:51,043
When I thought of poverty, I thought
of it in terms of brute starvation,

600
00:52:51,460 --> 00:52:56,089
therefore my mind turned immediately
to the extreme cases,

601
00:52:56,090 --> 00:52:59,801
the social outcasts, tramps, beggars,

602
00:52:59,802 --> 00:53:02,137
criminals, prostitutes.

603
00:53:02,138 --> 00:53:04,849
These were the lowest of the low

604
00:53:05,600 --> 00:53:09,060
and these were the people
with whom I wanted to get in contact.

605
00:53:15,776 --> 00:53:18,820
What I profoundly wanted at that time

606
00:53:18,821 --> 00:53:23,950
was to find some way of getting out
of the respectable world altogether.

607
00:53:23,951 --> 00:53:26,287
I meditated upon it a great deal.

608
00:53:26,787 --> 00:53:29,831
I even planned parts of it in detail,

609
00:53:29,832 --> 00:53:33,336
how one could sell everything,
give everything away,

610
00:53:34,086 --> 00:53:37,757
change one's name,
and start out with no money

611
00:53:38,382 --> 00:53:40,801
and nothing but the clothes
one stood up in,

612
00:53:42,261 --> 00:53:45,681
but in real life,
nobody ever does that kind of thing.

613
00:53:58,986 --> 00:54:03,406
As Syme had done earlier,
Winston had taken up his spoon

614
00:54:03,407 --> 00:54:05,951
and was dabbling
in the pale-colored gravy

615
00:54:05,952 --> 00:54:08,161
that dribbled across the table,

616
00:54:08,162 --> 00:54:11,874
drawing a long streak of it
out into a pattern.

617
00:54:13,042 --> 00:54:15,210
He meditated resentfully

618
00:54:15,211 --> 00:54:17,588
on the physical texture of life.

619
00:54:22,677 --> 00:54:25,136
- Mister.
- What is it, son?

620
00:54:25,137 --> 00:54:28,098
Can you watch my seat and else
if I got my spoon?

621
00:54:28,099 --> 00:54:30,726
I'll give you my spoon, son.
I'm finished.

622
00:54:46,075 --> 00:54:48,660
You discover
what it is like to be hungry

623
00:54:48,661 --> 00:54:51,621
with bread and margarine in your belly.

624
00:54:51,622 --> 00:54:54,916
You go out
and look into the shop windows.

625
00:54:54,917 --> 00:54:58,294
Everywhere, there is food insulting you

626
00:54:58,295 --> 00:55:00,881
in huge, wasteful piles,

627
00:55:01,549 --> 00:55:03,508
whole dead pigs,

628
00:55:03,509 --> 00:55:05,510
baskets of hot loaves,

629
00:55:05,511 --> 00:55:09,514
great yellow blocks of butter,
strings of sausages...

630
00:55:09,515 --> 00:55:12,225
...mountains of potatoes,

631
00:55:12,226 --> 00:55:15,937
vast gruyere cheese like grindstones.

632
00:55:15,938 --> 00:55:20,735
A sniveling self pity comes over you
at the sight of so much food.

633
00:55:21,277 --> 00:55:26,364
You plan to grab a loaf and run,
swallowing it before they catch you

634
00:55:26,365 --> 00:55:29,326
and you refrain from pure funk.

635
00:55:36,375 --> 00:55:38,293
We're sorry,

636
00:55:38,294 --> 00:55:41,713
but all our customer-service agents
are busy at the moment.

637
00:55:41,714 --> 00:55:43,340
Please hold
and we will answer your call...

638
00:55:47,762 --> 00:55:52,098
You discover the boredom
which is inseparable from poverty,

639
00:55:52,099 --> 00:55:54,435
the times when you have nothing to do

640
00:55:55,144 --> 00:55:58,814
and, being underfed,
can interest yourself in nothing.

641
00:55:59,607 --> 00:56:03,109
For half a day at a time,
you lie on your bed,

642
00:56:03,110 --> 00:56:06,780
feeling like the jeune squelette
in Baudelaire's poem.

643
00:56:06,781 --> 00:56:09,574
Only food could rouse you.

644
00:56:09,575 --> 00:56:13,995
You discover that a man
who's gone even a week on bread

645
00:56:13,996 --> 00:56:17,500
and margarine
is not a man any longer,

646
00:56:18,042 --> 00:56:22,171
only a belly
with a few accessory organs.

647
00:56:22,880 --> 00:56:24,923
The top 1%

648
00:56:24,924 --> 00:56:27,842
that controlled 90% of the wealth

649
00:56:27,843 --> 00:56:32,180
had two major political parties
doing their bidding for them,

650
00:56:32,181 --> 00:56:35,642
and the other 99%
had no political party!

651
00:56:53,577 --> 00:56:56,579
Beggars do not work, it is said,

652
00:56:56,580 --> 00:56:59,125
but then what is work?

653
00:57:00,251 --> 00:57:02,795
A navvy works by swinging a pick.

654
00:57:03,295 --> 00:57:06,714
An accountant works
by adding up figures.

655
00:57:06,715 --> 00:57:09,759
A beggar works by standing out of doors

656
00:57:09,760 --> 00:57:13,096
in all weathers
and getting varicose veins,

657
00:57:13,097 --> 00:57:15,558
chronic bronchitis, etc.

658
00:57:16,267 --> 00:57:19,018
It is a trade like any other,

659
00:57:19,019 --> 00:57:20,980
quite useless, of course,

660
00:57:21,856 --> 00:57:25,526
but then many reputable trades
are quite useless,

661
00:57:26,193 --> 00:57:30,739
and as a social type, a beggar
compares well with scores of others.

662
00:57:31,657 --> 00:57:36,327
He is honest compares with the sellers
of most patent medicines,

663
00:57:36,328 --> 00:57:37,912
{\an8}high-minded

664
00:57:37,913 --> 00:57:41,166
{\an8}compared with a Sunday-newspaper proprietor.

665
00:57:41,167 --> 00:57:44,919
{\an8}A beggar, looked at realistically,

666
00:57:44,920 --> 00:57:46,796
is simply a businessman

667
00:57:46,797 --> 00:57:49,674
getting his living
like other businessmen

668
00:57:49,675 --> 00:57:51,677
in the way that comes to hand.

669
00:57:53,137 --> 00:57:56,431
{\an8}He has not,
more than most modern people,

670
00:57:56,432 --> 00:57:58,225
{\an8}sold his honor.

671
00:57:58,851 --> 00:58:02,520
{\an8}He has merely made the mistake
of choosing a trade

672
00:58:02,521 --> 00:58:05,691
{\an8}at which
it is impossible to grow rich.

673
00:58:30,299 --> 00:58:31,966
♪ Three ♪

674
00:58:31,967 --> 00:58:34,385
♪ Two, one ♪

675
00:58:34,386 --> 00:58:38,098
The underlying fact was that
the whole position of the moneyed class

676
00:58:38,974 --> 00:58:41,560
had long ceased to be justifiable.

677
00:58:43,687 --> 00:58:45,397
The existence of these people

678
00:58:45,814 --> 00:58:49,068
was by any standard unjustifiable.

679
00:58:49,735 --> 00:58:54,030
They were simply parasites,
less useful to society

680
00:58:54,031 --> 00:58:56,158
than his fleas are to a dog.

681
00:59:06,210 --> 00:59:10,213
The British ruling class
could not admit to themselves

682
00:59:10,214 --> 00:59:11,924
that their usefulness was at an end.

683
00:59:13,259 --> 00:59:17,179
It was not possible for them
to turn themselves into mere bandits

684
00:59:17,596 --> 00:59:19,682
like the American millionaires.

685
00:59:21,058 --> 00:59:23,811
Clearly,
there was only one escape for them:

686
00:59:24,520 --> 00:59:26,146
into stupidity.

687
00:59:29,358 --> 00:59:31,818
The Ministry of Peace
is happy to report

688
00:59:31,819 --> 00:59:35,113
that thanks to the vigilance
of our gallant interceptors,

689
00:59:35,114 --> 00:59:38,408
no Eurasian rocket bomb
was able to reach targets

690
00:59:38,409 --> 00:59:39,868
of any importance.

691
00:59:41,036 --> 00:59:43,288
We continue now
with our regular broadcast.

692
00:59:52,506 --> 00:59:56,175
{\an8}There are parts in southern China
where smart cameras

693
00:59:56,176 --> 00:59:59,137
{\an8}placed around the intersection
will recognize who you are.

694
00:59:59,138 --> 01:00:02,349
{\an8}You could have your face covered
or you could be obscured.

695
01:00:02,808 --> 01:00:05,268
These systems are very,
very smart.

696
01:00:05,269 --> 01:00:07,353
They can recognize you by gait,

697
01:00:07,354 --> 01:00:09,772
by posture, by how you're walking,

698
01:00:09,773 --> 01:00:12,066
and so if you've caused an infraction,

699
01:00:12,067 --> 01:00:15,987
your face gets thrown up on
a digital billboard at that intersection

700
01:00:15,988 --> 01:00:18,656
along with your name
and where you work,

701
01:00:18,657 --> 01:00:21,534
and information is transmitted
to your employers

702
01:00:21,535 --> 01:00:23,203
and to your family members.

703
01:00:25,414 --> 01:00:29,710
Peace and stability
is the number-one priority

704
01:00:30,085 --> 01:00:31,919
so that all can lead a good life.

705
01:00:31,920 --> 01:00:35,590
After that, we can address issues
of human rights.

706
01:00:50,105 --> 01:00:52,690
Some people,
before they commit murder,

707
01:00:52,691 --> 01:00:55,444
show a proclivity

708
01:00:55,778 --> 01:00:58,738
for doing so.

709
01:00:58,739 --> 01:01:02,408
Should we wait for them
to commit the act?

710
01:01:02,409 --> 01:01:05,996
Or should we prevent it

711
01:01:06,538 --> 01:01:08,873
from happening?

712
01:01:13,170 --> 01:01:16,422
Much of the technology
that threatens our freedom

713
01:01:16,423 --> 01:01:18,841
and our dignity
in the near-term future

714
01:01:18,842 --> 01:01:22,429
is being developed by companies
in the business of capturing

715
01:01:23,222 --> 01:01:25,182
and selling our data and our attention

716
01:01:25,766 --> 01:01:27,643
to advertisers and others.

717
01:01:28,018 --> 01:01:29,228
Smith,

718
01:01:30,145 --> 01:01:31,312
outer-party members

719
01:01:31,313 --> 01:01:33,816
have to wear their identification badges
in the evening.

720
01:01:41,907 --> 01:01:43,784
Don't forget again!

721
01:01:45,077 --> 01:01:48,955
If the people in power
are using these algorithms

722
01:01:48,956 --> 01:01:52,000
to quietly watch us,

723
01:01:52,418 --> 01:01:54,877
to judge us and to nudge us,

724
01:01:54,878 --> 01:01:58,881
to predict and identify
the troublemakers and the rebels,

725
01:01:58,882 --> 01:02:03,845
{\an8}the authoritarianism
will envelop us like a spider's web,

726
01:02:03,846 --> 01:02:06,597
{\an8}and we may not even know
we're in it.

727
01:02:08,767 --> 01:02:12,478
The surveillance capitalists
have tried to get us to believe

728
01:02:12,479 --> 01:02:17,150
that their practices
are the inevitable outgrowth

729
01:02:17,151 --> 01:02:18,694
of digital technologies.

730
01:02:19,111 --> 01:02:22,823
So, that's why I believe
that the future is private.

731
01:02:24,491 --> 01:02:28,161
This is the next chapter
for our services.

732
01:02:28,162 --> 01:02:29,830
What do you prefer?

733
01:02:30,873 --> 01:02:34,792
Being safer when you wake up
in the morning and go to the street

734
01:02:34,793 --> 01:02:39,423
or not being, you know,
analyzed by AI systems?

735
01:02:40,132 --> 01:02:41,174
I wanna be safer.

736
01:02:41,175 --> 01:02:43,718
- ♪ What do you prefer? ♪
-What do you prefer?

737
01:02:43,719 --> 01:02:46,846
- ♪ Safer when you stir? ♪
-What do you prefer?

738
01:02:46,847 --> 01:02:49,056
♪ Or not be scared by AI? ♪

739
01:02:49,057 --> 01:02:52,518
♪ Tell me no lies, I want to be safer ♪

740
01:02:52,519 --> 01:02:55,564
I wanna be safer. Safer.

741
01:02:57,983 --> 01:02:59,692
♪ I want to be safer ♪

742
01:02:59,693 --> 01:03:02,528
Surveillance is OK
if you don't mind.

743
01:03:02,529 --> 01:03:05,281
I want to be...
I want to surveil.

744
01:03:05,282 --> 01:03:08,826
I want surveillance of these people
that are coming in.

745
01:03:08,827 --> 01:03:12,372
The Trojan horse,
I wanna know who the hell they are.

746
01:03:22,591 --> 01:03:25,510
You don't have
to have done anything wrong.

747
01:03:25,511 --> 01:03:28,596
You simply have to eventually fall
under suspicion from somebody,

748
01:03:28,597 --> 01:03:30,556
even by a wrong call,

749
01:03:30,557 --> 01:03:33,559
and then they can use the system
to go back in time

750
01:03:33,560 --> 01:03:36,312
and scrutinize every decision
you've ever made,

751
01:03:36,313 --> 01:03:39,065
every friend
you've ever discussed something with

752
01:03:39,066 --> 01:03:41,859
and attack you on that basis

753
01:03:41,860 --> 01:03:45,696
to sort of derive suspicion
from an innocent life

754
01:03:45,697 --> 01:03:48,866
and paint anyone
in the context of a wrongdoer.

755
01:03:56,375 --> 01:03:58,918
It should be that when we make things
more productive,

756
01:03:58,919 --> 01:04:02,213
when we greatly increase productivity,
it helps everybody,

757
01:04:02,214 --> 01:04:04,508
but there's the worry
that it might just help the rich.

758
01:04:06,260 --> 01:04:08,678
The new, model-three generative android

759
01:04:08,679 --> 01:04:11,472
from Funky
is a fully autonomous humanoid robot

760
01:04:11,473 --> 01:04:14,308
with features never before seen
in the consumer market.

761
01:04:14,309 --> 01:04:18,187
We are increasingly trapped
in a world of no escape

762
01:04:18,188 --> 01:04:22,024
and even if we want to make a choice,
we can't.

763
01:04:24,653 --> 01:04:27,613
It would probably not be
beyond human ingenuity

764
01:04:27,614 --> 01:04:29,991
to write books by machinery,

765
01:04:29,992 --> 01:04:33,536
but a sort of mechanizing process
can already be seen at work

766
01:04:33,537 --> 01:04:37,957
in the film and radio,
in publicity and propaganda,

767
01:04:37,958 --> 01:04:40,752
and in the lower reaches of journalism.

768
01:04:41,461 --> 01:04:45,673
Even so, what they write
is merely a kind of raw material

769
01:04:45,674 --> 01:04:49,260
to be chopped into shape
by producers and censors.

770
01:04:49,261 --> 01:04:53,055
Books would be planned
in their broad lines by bureaucrats

771
01:04:53,056 --> 01:04:55,851
and would pass through so many hands
that when finished,

772
01:04:56,643 --> 01:04:59,145
they would be no more
an individual product

773
01:04:59,146 --> 01:05:02,649
than a Ford car
at the end of the assembly line.

774
01:05:03,275 --> 01:05:08,071
It goes without saying that anything
so produced would be rubbish.

775
01:05:08,447 --> 01:05:11,365
At present,
we know only that the imagination,

776
01:05:11,366 --> 01:05:13,618
like certain wild animals,

777
01:05:13,619 --> 01:05:16,871
will not breed in captivity.

778
01:05:19,791 --> 01:05:22,835
{\an8}Every hour of the day,
the voice of London goes around...

779
01:05:22,836 --> 01:05:26,088
{\an8}
Second of December, 1942,

780
01:05:26,089 --> 01:05:27,965
{\an8}Dear George Woodcock,

781
01:05:27,966 --> 01:05:32,553
As to the ethics of broadcasting
and in general letting oneself be used

782
01:05:32,554 --> 01:05:34,889
by the British governing class,

783
01:05:34,890 --> 01:05:37,725
it's of little value to argue about it,

784
01:05:37,726 --> 01:05:42,063
but for heaven's sake don't think
that I don't see how they are using me.

785
01:05:42,064 --> 01:05:45,025
I doubt whether I shall stay
in this job very much longer,

786
01:05:45,609 --> 01:05:46,901
but while here,

787
01:05:46,902 --> 01:05:51,113
I consider I have kept our propaganda
slightly less disgusting

788
01:05:51,114 --> 01:05:53,533
than it might otherwise have been.

789
01:06:03,752 --> 01:06:08,297
The Tribune,
222 London Western Central 2,

790
01:06:08,298 --> 01:06:11,218
14th of July, 1944,

791
01:06:12,094 --> 01:06:15,639
Dear John Murry,
I am smothered under work,

792
01:06:16,139 --> 01:06:18,557
and also I've been bombed out

793
01:06:18,558 --> 01:06:21,519
and we have a very young baby
we've adopted,

794
01:06:21,520 --> 01:06:23,312
a three-week-old boy

795
01:06:23,313 --> 01:06:27,150
who Eileen and I christened
Richard Horatio Blair,

796
01:06:27,859 --> 01:06:30,570
all of which adds to one's work.

797
01:06:31,279 --> 01:06:33,572
Life is pretty full now.

798
01:06:33,573 --> 01:06:37,159
What a wonderful thing
to have a kid of one's own.

799
01:06:37,160 --> 01:06:39,162
I've always wanted one so.

800
01:06:41,665 --> 01:06:45,209
The Pacific service
from London is sending you all greetings

801
01:06:45,210 --> 01:06:48,003
and wishing the best of luck
to those of you listening

802
01:06:48,004 --> 01:06:51,549
who are serving
in our armed forces on sea,

803
01:06:51,550 --> 01:06:54,885
land or in the air
and in the merchant navy...

804
01:06:54,886 --> 01:06:59,015
BBC, 24th of September, 1943,

805
01:06:59,599 --> 01:07:01,809
Dear Mr. Rushbrook-Williams,

806
01:07:01,810 --> 01:07:05,312
In confirmation of what I said to you
earlier in private,

807
01:07:05,313 --> 01:07:08,316
I want to tender my resignation
from the BBC.

808
01:07:09,484 --> 01:07:13,612
I am not leaving because of
any disagreement with BBC policy.

809
01:07:13,613 --> 01:07:18,451
On the contrary, I feel that I have been
treated with the greatest generosity

810
01:07:18,452 --> 01:07:20,954
and allowed very great latitude.

811
01:07:21,455 --> 01:07:25,124
I am tendering my resignation
because for some time past

812
01:07:25,125 --> 01:07:28,461
I have been conscious
that I was wasting my own time

813
01:07:28,462 --> 01:07:30,297
and the public money.

814
01:07:30,839 --> 01:07:33,257
I feel that by going back
to my normal work

815
01:07:33,258 --> 01:07:36,594
of writing and journalism
I could be more useful

816
01:07:36,595 --> 01:07:38,096
than I am at present.

817
01:07:55,071 --> 01:07:58,073
Hotel Scribe, Rue Scribe,

818
01:07:58,074 --> 01:08:02,037
Paris 9th, 13th of April, 1945.

819
01:08:02,871 --> 01:08:04,538
Dear Tony,

820
01:08:04,539 --> 01:08:07,249
I don't know whether you will have heard
from some other source

821
01:08:07,250 --> 01:08:09,210
about what has happened.

822
01:08:09,211 --> 01:08:10,921
Eileen is dead.

823
01:08:11,505 --> 01:08:14,173
It was a most horrible thing to happen

824
01:08:14,174 --> 01:08:16,926
because she had had
five really miserable years

825
01:08:16,927 --> 01:08:19,094
of bad health and overwork,

826
01:08:19,095 --> 01:08:21,931
and things were just beginning
to get better,

827
01:08:21,932 --> 01:08:24,183
but it was terribly sad
that she should die

828
01:08:24,184 --> 01:08:26,019
when she had become
so devoted to Richard

829
01:08:27,187 --> 01:08:30,356
and was making such a good job
of his upbringing.

830
01:08:30,357 --> 01:08:33,526
Richard, I am glad to say,
is very well

831
01:08:33,527 --> 01:08:35,987
and for the moment is provided for.

832
01:10:11,499 --> 01:10:13,043
Look at this.

833
01:10:17,213 --> 01:10:18,547
It's a dream.

834
01:10:18,548 --> 01:10:21,801
But for a moment,
he did not look at her body.

835
01:10:22,302 --> 01:10:24,762
His eyes were anchored
by the freckled face

836
01:10:24,763 --> 01:10:27,140
with its faint, bold smile.

837
01:10:27,724 --> 01:10:31,936
He knelt down before her
and took her hands in his.

838
01:10:31,937 --> 01:10:34,606
Have you done this before?

839
01:10:34,981 --> 01:10:36,149
Of course!

840
01:10:37,192 --> 01:10:38,818
Hundreds of times.

841
01:10:40,528 --> 01:10:42,489
-With party members?
- Yes.

842
01:10:43,156 --> 01:10:44,616
Inner-party members?

843
01:10:45,033 --> 01:10:48,370
Not with those bastards,
though there's plenty who would.

844
01:10:49,037 --> 01:10:50,664
His heart leapt.

845
01:10:58,797 --> 01:11:00,881
"In the old days, he thought,

846
01:11:00,882 --> 01:11:03,300
"a man looked at a girl's body

847
01:11:03,301 --> 01:11:05,427
and saw that it was desirable,

848
01:11:05,428 --> 01:11:07,389
and that was the end of the story,

849
01:11:08,056 --> 01:11:10,182
but you could not have pure love

850
01:11:10,183 --> 01:11:12,018
or pure lust nowadays.

851
01:11:13,186 --> 01:11:15,312
No emotion was pure

852
01:11:15,313 --> 01:11:19,067
because everything was mixed up
with fear and hatred.

853
01:11:19,567 --> 01:11:22,236
Their embrace had been a battle,

854
01:11:22,237 --> 01:11:24,864
the climax a victory.

855
01:11:25,240 --> 01:11:28,034
It was a blow struck against the party.

856
01:11:28,910 --> 01:11:31,078
It was a political act."

857
01:11:39,170 --> 01:11:43,883
In the past, at any rate,
throughout the Protestant centuries,

858
01:11:44,384 --> 01:11:45,884
the idea of rebellion

859
01:11:45,885 --> 01:11:49,514
and the idea of intellectual integrity
were mixed up.

860
01:11:51,016 --> 01:11:54,144
A heretic, political, moral, religious,

861
01:11:54,561 --> 01:11:57,438
or esthetic was one who refused

862
01:11:57,439 --> 01:11:59,733
to outrage his own conscience.

863
01:12:00,567 --> 01:12:04,487
His outlook was summed up
in the words of the revivalist hymn,

864
01:12:04,863 --> 01:12:08,450
"Dare to be a Daniel,
Dare to stand alone

865
01:12:08,950 --> 01:12:10,618
Dare to have a purpose firm

866
01:12:11,411 --> 01:12:13,079
Dare to make it known."

867
01:12:14,372 --> 01:12:18,959
To bring this hymn up to date,
one would have to add a don't

868
01:12:18,960 --> 01:12:21,463
at the beginning of each line.

869
01:12:22,088 --> 01:12:25,632
I'm very averse

870
01:12:25,633 --> 01:12:28,761
to didacticism
in political literature,

871
01:12:28,762 --> 01:12:32,390
so I'd long had a knee-jerk revulsion

872
01:12:33,183 --> 01:12:34,309
against Orwell.

873
01:12:34,768 --> 01:12:36,895
That was short-sighted of me

874
01:12:37,353 --> 01:12:40,106
because later...

875
01:12:41,441 --> 01:12:45,987
when I got to know Orwell
through his essays,

876
01:12:47,655 --> 01:12:50,992
I appreciated
his extraordinary perceptiveness.

877
01:12:51,826 --> 01:12:54,870
Ultimately,
it was his horror of politics

878
01:12:54,871 --> 01:12:58,708
that led him
to hate these totalitarian regimes,

879
01:12:59,042 --> 01:13:02,878
which politicize everything,

880
01:13:02,879 --> 01:13:08,009
and because he hated politics,
he combated those regimes

881
01:13:10,804 --> 01:13:15,974
as directly and powerfully as possible,
i.e. by writing a novel.

882
01:13:23,566 --> 01:13:27,319
Daring to stand alone
is ideologically criminal

883
01:13:27,320 --> 01:13:29,864
as well as practically dangerous.

884
01:13:30,782 --> 01:13:32,908
The idea of intellectual liberty

885
01:13:32,909 --> 01:13:35,703
is under attack from two directions.

886
01:13:37,330 --> 01:13:40,666
On the one side
are its theoretical enemies,

887
01:13:40,667 --> 01:13:42,751
{\an8}the apologists of totalitarianism...

888
01:13:42,752 --> 01:13:45,337
{\an8}

889
01:13:45,338 --> 01:13:48,299
{\an8}Many reporters were kidnapped.

890
01:14:00,562 --> 01:14:02,105
OK, journalists have to go!

891
01:14:02,397 --> 01:14:05,775
{\an8}
Sonia Dahmani has just been abducted!

892
01:14:07,402 --> 01:14:09,904
{\an8}She was taken away by an anonymous group.

893
01:14:10,446 --> 01:14:12,198
{\an8}Were they police?

894
01:14:15,243 --> 01:14:17,619
{\an8}Jamal Khashoggi
was a Saudi journalist

895
01:14:17,620 --> 01:14:20,998
{\an8}and an outspoken critic
of his country's government.

896
01:14:20,999 --> 01:14:25,587
{\an8}CNN can now confirm
Jamal Khashoggi's last words,

897
01:14:26,045 --> 01:14:28,797
{\an8}"I can't breathe. I can't breathe."

898
01:14:28,798 --> 01:14:32,676
{\an8}The transcript records many voices
and noises,

899
01:14:32,677 --> 01:14:35,138
{\an8}then says, "Scream from Jamal."

900
01:14:35,555 --> 01:14:39,391
{\an8}Again, "Scream," then "Gasping."

901
01:14:39,392 --> 01:14:43,061
{\an8}Noises are identified as "saw"

902
01:14:43,062 --> 01:14:44,397
{\an8}and "cutting."

903
01:14:44,939 --> 01:14:46,566
{\an8}

904
01:15:03,458 --> 01:15:06,753
And on the other,
its immediate, practical enemies

905
01:15:07,670 --> 01:15:10,672
monopoly and bureaucracy,

906
01:15:10,673 --> 01:15:14,677
which are actively interested
in maintaining the status quo

907
01:15:15,094 --> 01:15:18,680
and therefore
in preventing the common man

908
01:15:18,681 --> 01:15:20,683
from becoming too intelligent.

909
01:15:42,789 --> 01:15:46,250
The independence
of the writer and the artist

910
01:15:46,251 --> 01:15:50,087
is eaten away
by vague economic forces

911
01:15:50,088 --> 01:15:52,673
and at the same time
it is undermined

912
01:15:52,674 --> 01:15:55,343
by those
who should be its defenders.

913
01:16:14,946 --> 01:16:17,614
We falsely think of our country

914
01:16:17,615 --> 01:16:18,824
{\an8}as a democracy

915
01:16:18,825 --> 01:16:22,120
{\an8}when it has evolved
into a media-ocracy

916
01:16:22,704 --> 01:16:26,039
{\an8}where a media that is supposed
to check political abuse

917
01:16:26,040 --> 01:16:28,126
{\an8}is part of political abuse.

918
01:16:46,352 --> 01:16:48,395
{\an8}This is extremely dangerous
to our democracy.

919
01:16:48,396 --> 01:16:53,066
This is extremely dangerous
to our democracy.

920
01:16:53,067 --> 01:16:55,402
{\an8}This is extremely dangerous
to our democracy.

921
01:16:55,403 --> 01:16:58,031
This is extremely dangerous
to our democracy.

922
01:16:59,032 --> 01:17:03,201
Political writing in our time
consists almost entirely

923
01:17:03,202 --> 01:17:05,620
of prefabricated phrases

924
01:17:05,621 --> 01:17:08,040
bolted together like the pieces

925
01:17:08,041 --> 01:17:09,708
of a child's mechano set.

926
01:17:09,709 --> 01:17:11,209
This is extremely dangerous.

927
01:17:11,210 --> 01:17:14,046
{\an8}This is extremely dangerous.

928
01:17:14,047 --> 01:17:15,714
- Dangerous.
- Democracy.

929
01:17:15,715 --> 01:17:18,008
{\an8}We live in the greatest country.

930
01:17:18,009 --> 01:17:19,968
{\an8}The greatest nation
in the history of mankind.

931
01:17:19,969 --> 01:17:21,887
{\an8}The strongest, freest, greatest country.

932
01:17:21,888 --> 01:17:23,388
{\an8}The greatest healthcare.

933
01:17:23,389 --> 01:17:25,974
{\an8}The greatest universities,
the greatest schools.

934
01:17:25,975 --> 01:17:28,393
{\an8}The greatest rise
of freedom and opportunity.

935
01:17:28,394 --> 01:17:30,896
{\an8}The single greatest nation
in the history of all mankind.

936
01:17:30,897 --> 01:17:32,564
{\an8}The greatest country ever.

937
01:17:32,565 --> 01:17:35,442
{\an8}If we're gonna talk about
the elite-medias debate,

938
01:17:35,443 --> 01:17:38,862
{\an8}then it is still controlled
by the corporate owners

939
01:17:38,863 --> 01:17:42,407
{\an8}and the corporate sponsors,
who after all provide the revenue

940
01:17:42,408 --> 01:17:45,702
{\an8}to keep those machines going,
to keep those TV shows on the air

941
01:17:45,703 --> 01:17:47,704
{\an8}and those radio shows
and those papers.

942
01:17:47,705 --> 01:17:49,957
It's a machine

943
01:17:50,416 --> 01:17:53,168
that no one can escape from.

944
01:17:53,169 --> 01:17:57,589
TV hosts
are in the celebrity news columns,

945
01:17:57,590 --> 01:18:00,885
we know their love lives,
they look the part,

946
01:18:01,177 --> 01:18:03,136
they seem like upstanding people,

947
01:18:03,137 --> 01:18:04,639
but they're puppets.

948
01:18:05,807 --> 01:18:08,975
The broadcaster
who chooses what to air

949
01:18:08,976 --> 01:18:10,269
is a puppet.

950
01:18:10,812 --> 01:18:12,312
What do I mean by puppets?

951
01:18:12,313 --> 01:18:14,899
I mean people subject to forces

952
01:18:15,566 --> 01:18:17,235
completely beyond their control.

953
01:18:19,570 --> 01:18:24,449
The journalist is unfree
and is conscious of unfreedom

954
01:18:24,450 --> 01:18:26,785
when he forced to write lies

955
01:18:26,786 --> 01:18:30,872
or suppress what seems to him
important news.

956
01:18:30,873 --> 01:18:32,500
What have you got there, Smith?

957
01:18:36,295 --> 01:18:39,089
This photograph was between the pages
of the gazette.

958
01:18:39,090 --> 01:18:41,716
- What photograph?
- Jones and Rutherford.

959
01:18:41,717 --> 01:18:45,178
They confessed to aiding the underground
and being in Eurasia during Hate Week.

960
01:18:45,179 --> 01:18:47,764
- But here it says...
- What are you talking about, Smith?

961
01:18:47,765 --> 01:18:49,642
I don't see any photograph.

962
01:18:58,651 --> 01:19:01,278
I think it's very difficult to avoid

963
01:19:01,279 --> 01:19:05,949
going to that pre-prepared thing
that's got a quote in it,

964
01:19:05,950 --> 01:19:09,119
that's got a name in it,
that's got background information in it.

965
01:19:09,120 --> 01:19:13,290
It's fed to you to make easy for you
to tell it that way.

966
01:19:13,291 --> 01:19:16,710
So, what we really require
is something countervailing,

967
01:19:16,711 --> 01:19:21,089
something on the other side
to dig out just that information

968
01:19:21,090 --> 01:19:23,383
that that powerful entity,
that might be the state

969
01:19:23,384 --> 01:19:25,343
or might be a private corporation

970
01:19:25,344 --> 01:19:27,304
that they don't want you to hear.

971
01:19:27,305 --> 01:19:30,891
We start with that search,
the race to save five people

972
01:19:30,892 --> 01:19:32,976
who are onboard a submersible.

973
01:19:34,729 --> 01:19:37,898
{\an8}On board is believed to be
the British billionaire, Hamish...

974
01:19:37,899 --> 01:19:40,817
{\an8}Everything in our age
conspires to turn the writer

975
01:19:40,818 --> 01:19:43,320
{\an8}and every other kind of artist as well

976
01:19:43,321 --> 01:19:47,365
{\an8}into a minor official
working on themes

977
01:19:47,366 --> 01:19:49,075
{\an8}handed down from above

978
01:19:49,076 --> 01:19:53,288
{\an8}and never telling what seems to him
the whole of the truth.

979
01:20:18,689 --> 01:20:22,567
What the media does
is trivialize what goes on

980
01:20:22,568 --> 01:20:25,070
sensationalizes it,
makes it entertainment,

981
01:20:25,071 --> 01:20:29,115
rather than saying, "Look, the function
of the media is to educate you

982
01:20:29,116 --> 01:20:31,911
to live in a democracy,
which is pretty serious stuff."

983
01:20:37,667 --> 01:20:41,211
{\an8}There are 741 no-go zones
throughout France and they're located

984
01:20:41,212 --> 01:20:43,505
{\an8}in the ghettos
that are called les banlieues.

985
01:20:43,506 --> 01:20:46,967
{\an8}I've been Afghanistan, Iraq,
and Kashmir, India,

986
01:20:46,968 --> 01:20:48,927
{\an8}and at times it felt like, like that.

987
01:20:48,928 --> 01:20:52,347
{\an8}They speak shamelessly on issues
they know nothing about.

988
01:20:52,348 --> 01:20:55,183
{\an8}- François Macron...
- Emmanuel.

989
01:20:55,184 --> 01:20:57,852
{\an8}Emmanuel, François,
it seems like every French person

990
01:20:57,853 --> 01:20:59,312
{\an8}I think their name is François.

991
01:20:59,313 --> 01:21:01,273
- Who knows?
- Maybe he'll change his name. François.

992
01:21:02,525 --> 01:21:05,694
To write in plain, vigorous language,

993
01:21:05,695 --> 01:21:07,946
one has to think fearlessly,

994
01:21:07,947 --> 01:21:10,073
and if one thinks fearlessly,

995
01:21:10,074 --> 01:21:12,325
one cannot be politically orthodox.

996
01:21:12,326 --> 01:21:14,494
- It was you! It was you...
-Good lying.

997
01:21:14,495 --> 01:21:16,955
That privatized a large chunk
of the health service

998
01:21:16,956 --> 01:21:19,291
and you're lying, and you're lying.

999
01:21:19,292 --> 01:21:20,960
{\an8}Please, Mr. Collard!

1000
01:21:21,252 --> 01:21:22,502
{\an8}You're a vile scumbag!

1001
01:21:25,631 --> 01:21:28,217
{\an8}Shut up, dumb ass!
Shut up!

1002
01:21:29,093 --> 01:21:30,719
{\an8}How dare you call me that?

1003
01:21:30,720 --> 01:21:33,179
{\an8}What else can I do
when she's so stupid?

1004
01:21:33,180 --> 01:21:36,099
{\an8}I think your fake lashes
are messing up what you're reading...

1005
01:21:37,310 --> 01:21:39,185
{\an8}We have a situation in which

1006
01:21:39,186 --> 01:21:41,771
a significant percentage
of the population doesn't vote,

1007
01:21:41,772 --> 01:21:44,107
doesn't care about the issues,

1008
01:21:44,108 --> 01:21:47,736
is tuned out entirely,
is what we call depoliticized.

1009
01:21:47,737 --> 01:21:51,364
Uh, in fact we have a rate
of depoliticization in the United States

1010
01:21:51,365 --> 01:21:55,201
that must make a tyrant like in,
you know, Indonesia envious:

1011
01:21:55,202 --> 01:21:57,621
"How can I get one
of these vegged-out populations?"

1012
01:21:57,622 --> 01:22:00,790
I say the fact is I've done more
for the black community

1013
01:22:00,791 --> 01:22:03,293
than any president
since Abraham Lincoln.

1014
01:22:03,294 --> 01:22:05,546
I say it, nobody can dispute it.

1015
01:22:05,963 --> 01:22:08,798
People listen when I speak,
black people,

1016
01:22:08,799 --> 01:22:10,759
♪ Black ♪

1017
01:22:10,760 --> 01:22:14,387
Believe me, I've studied it
and I've seen it and it's incredible.

1018
01:22:14,388 --> 01:22:16,556
♪ Black ♪

1019
01:22:16,557 --> 01:22:19,809
Black, your physical strength
is unmatched.

1020
01:22:19,810 --> 01:22:21,645
♪ Black ♪

1021
01:22:21,646 --> 01:22:24,856
You have this charm, black people,
believe me,

1022
01:22:24,857 --> 01:22:27,609
jazz, soul, Rosa Parks,

1023
01:22:27,610 --> 01:22:30,195
Cassius Clay, legends,
winners, the best!

1024
01:22:30,196 --> 01:22:32,864
And you know what?
Black women...

1025
01:22:32,865 --> 01:22:34,699
♪ I love black ♪

1026
01:22:34,700 --> 01:22:37,744
Black women, they make me so hungry.

1027
01:22:37,745 --> 01:22:41,665
People listen when I speak,
hungry for gumbo and cornbread.

1028
01:22:41,666 --> 01:22:43,875
Nobody does it better.

1029
01:22:43,876 --> 01:22:46,962
The mugshot,
we've all seen the mugshot, and...

1030
01:22:47,546 --> 01:22:49,547
And you know who embraced it
more than anybody else?

1031
01:22:49,548 --> 01:22:51,466
The black population, it's incredible.

1032
01:22:51,467 --> 01:22:54,679
You see black people
walking around with my mugshot.

1033
01:22:55,429 --> 01:22:58,682
This kind of thing is frightening to me

1034
01:22:58,683 --> 01:23:01,893
because it often gives me the feeling
that the very concept

1035
01:23:01,894 --> 01:23:05,606
of objective truth
is fading out of this world.

1036
01:23:07,274 --> 01:23:11,361
An atom bomb exploded
in our information ecosystem

1037
01:23:11,362 --> 01:23:14,447
because social media
turned our world upside down

1038
01:23:14,448 --> 01:23:18,493
spreading lies faster than facts

1039
01:23:18,494 --> 01:23:22,122
while amplifying fear and anger,

1040
01:23:22,123 --> 01:23:25,668
fueling hatred by design

1041
01:23:26,127 --> 01:23:27,378
for profit.

1042
01:23:28,170 --> 01:23:30,588
{\an8}Do you affirm the testimony you are
about to give before the committee

1043
01:23:30,589 --> 01:23:32,674
{\an8}will be the truth, the whole truth,
and nothing but the truth,

1044
01:23:32,675 --> 01:23:34,009
{\an8}so help you God?

1045
01:23:35,010 --> 01:23:39,264
{\an8}We very much believe
that this content is disgusting

1046
01:23:39,265 --> 01:23:40,974
{\an8}and that, um...

1047
01:23:40,975 --> 01:23:43,518
{\an8}Senator, that behavior
is disgusting and reprehensible.

1048
01:23:43,519 --> 01:23:47,063
{\an8}We provide in-app reporting tools
so that people who are being harassed

1049
01:23:47,064 --> 01:23:49,566
{\an8}or people who have shared
inappropriate sexual content

1050
01:23:49,567 --> 01:23:52,527
{\an8}can report it in the case
of harassment or sexual content.

1051
01:23:52,528 --> 01:23:55,238
{\an8}You announced recently
that the official policy of Facebook

1052
01:23:55,239 --> 01:23:59,075
{\an8}now allows politicians to pay
to spread disinformation.

1053
01:23:59,076 --> 01:24:02,829
{\an8}Well, could I pay to target
predominantly black zip codes

1054
01:24:02,830 --> 01:24:06,041
{\an8}and advertise them
the incorrect election date?

1055
01:24:06,751 --> 01:24:08,168
{\an8}No, congresswoman,
you couldn't.

1056
01:24:08,169 --> 01:24:12,005
{\an8}We have,
even for these policies

1057
01:24:12,006 --> 01:24:16,050
{\an8}the newsworthiness of content
that politicians say

1058
01:24:16,051 --> 01:24:18,219
and the general principle
that I believe that...

1059
01:24:18,220 --> 01:24:21,389
But you said that you're not
going to fact check my ads.

1060
01:24:21,390 --> 01:24:23,850
We have, if anyone,

1061
01:24:23,851 --> 01:24:26,227
including a politician is saying things

1062
01:24:26,228 --> 01:24:29,314
that can cause,
that is calling for violence,

1063
01:24:29,315 --> 01:24:31,775
or could risk imminent,
physical harm,

1064
01:24:31,776 --> 01:24:34,110
or voter or census suppression

1065
01:24:34,111 --> 01:24:36,321
when we roll out
the census suppression po...

1066
01:24:36,322 --> 01:24:39,073
policy, um,
we will take that content down.

1067
01:24:39,074 --> 01:24:41,826
So, would I be able
to run advertisements

1068
01:24:41,827 --> 01:24:44,287
on Facebook targeting
Republicans in primaries

1069
01:24:44,288 --> 01:24:46,956
saying that they voted
for the Green New Deal?

1070
01:24:46,957 --> 01:24:48,958
I mean, if you're not fact checking
political advertisements,

1071
01:24:48,959 --> 01:24:51,669
I'm just trying
to understand the bounds here.

1072
01:24:51,670 --> 01:24:53,922
- What's fair game.
- Congresswoman, I, uh...

1073
01:24:53,923 --> 01:24:55,590
I don't know the answer to that
off the top of my head.

1074
01:24:55,591 --> 01:24:57,634
I don't know
if I'll be able to do that.

1075
01:24:57,635 --> 01:24:59,969
Can you explain
why you've named the Daily Caller

1076
01:24:59,970 --> 01:25:04,432
a publication well documented
with ties to white supremacists

1077
01:25:04,433 --> 01:25:06,559
as an official fact checker
for Facebook?

1078
01:25:06,560 --> 01:25:09,979
Congresswoman, sure, we actually don't
appoint the independent fact checkers.

1079
01:25:09,980 --> 01:25:12,732
They go through
an independent organization

1080
01:25:12,733 --> 01:25:14,526
called the Independent
Fact Checking Network

1081
01:25:14,527 --> 01:25:16,945
that has a rigorous standard

1082
01:25:16,946 --> 01:25:20,449
for who they allow
to serve as a fact checker.

1083
01:25:20,950 --> 01:25:22,034
So...

1084
01:25:22,701 --> 01:25:27,497
you would say
that white-supremacist-tied publications

1085
01:25:27,498 --> 01:25:30,167
meet a rigorous standard
for fact checking?

1086
01:25:33,462 --> 01:25:35,463
Because of deep fakes,

1087
01:25:35,464 --> 01:25:38,300
you can't trust your eyes and ears.

1088
01:25:38,801 --> 01:25:40,677
Instead of the facts,

1089
01:25:40,678 --> 01:25:45,765
the enshitifacation,
enshitifacation of the Internet,

1090
01:25:45,766 --> 01:25:47,768
is in full bloom.

1091
01:25:48,519 --> 01:25:51,688
More trash, more propaganda,

1092
01:25:51,689 --> 01:25:53,690
more information operations

1093
01:25:53,691 --> 01:25:55,942
that push our emotional buttons.

1094
01:25:55,943 --> 01:25:59,238
We will have to struggle harder

1095
01:25:59,864 --> 01:26:03,741
for agency,
for independent thought,

1096
01:26:03,742 --> 01:26:06,995
and it's not just the tech companies
that abdicated responsibility

1097
01:26:06,996 --> 01:26:08,329
for protecting us.

1098
01:26:08,330 --> 01:26:11,917
It's also democratic governments
like the United States

1099
01:26:12,710 --> 01:26:17,005
Tech is the least-regulated industry
around the world.

1100
01:26:17,006 --> 01:26:20,175
USA! USA!

1101
01:27:18,525 --> 01:27:24,281
Barnhill, Isle of Jura,
Argyllshire, 28th of November, 1948.

1102
01:27:25,616 --> 01:27:28,326
Dear Gwen, all is well here

1103
01:27:28,327 --> 01:27:30,704
and Richard is bursting with energy.

1104
01:27:31,330 --> 01:27:33,539
He goes out fishing
with the others now

1105
01:27:33,540 --> 01:27:35,542
and sometimes catches
quite a lot of fish.

1106
01:27:36,543 --> 01:27:38,712
The weather just lately
has been very nice,

1107
01:27:39,171 --> 01:27:42,590
beautiful, still, sunny days,
and not at all cold,

1108
01:27:42,591 --> 01:27:47,553
but I hardly ever go out of doors
because the smallest exertion upsets me.

1109
01:27:47,554 --> 01:27:50,223
The pig has grown
to a stupendous size

1110
01:27:50,224 --> 01:27:52,392
and goes to the butcher next week.

1111
01:27:52,393 --> 01:27:56,437
We are all longing to get rid of him,
as he is so destructive and greedy,

1112
01:27:56,438 --> 01:27:58,941
even gets into the kitchen sometimes.

1113
01:27:59,900 --> 01:28:02,110
I have finished my book,

1114
01:28:02,111 --> 01:28:05,864
which I'd been messing about with
since some time in 1947.

1115
01:28:06,323 --> 01:28:08,158
Yours, George.

1116
01:28:10,661 --> 01:28:11,953
Death!

1117
01:28:15,207 --> 01:28:20,045
Brothers and sisters,
one week from now

1118
01:28:20,754 --> 01:28:23,464
in this very square,

1119
01:28:23,465 --> 01:28:27,635
we shall, as a demonstration...

1120
01:28:52,161 --> 01:28:56,832
Eurasian prisoners will be passing
through Victory Square!

1121
01:29:00,836 --> 01:29:03,838
These are the evil men

1122
01:29:03,839 --> 01:29:06,424
whose ruthless lust for power...

1123
01:29:53,931 --> 01:29:55,848
Let me have the fight!

1124
01:29:55,849 --> 01:29:57,725
This is no place for the undecided!

1125
01:29:57,726 --> 01:29:59,603
We grab the bull by the horns!

1126
01:30:24,586 --> 01:30:26,254
They say it's scandalous

1127
01:30:26,255 --> 01:30:30,509
to defend the natural family
founded on marriage.

1128
01:30:30,926 --> 01:30:34,887
{\an8}The mother is a woman,
the father is a man...

1129
01:30:34,888 --> 01:30:38,517
{\an8}I just want
to see Western civilization thrive.

1130
01:30:38,809 --> 01:30:42,228
Who cares about discrimination
when there's genocide

1131
01:30:42,229 --> 01:30:45,481
against Christians taking place

1132
01:30:45,482 --> 01:30:48,067
throughout the world?

1133
01:30:57,119 --> 01:30:59,746
April 4th, 1984.

1134
01:31:00,330 --> 01:31:03,375
Last night to the flicks, all war films.

1135
01:31:04,001 --> 01:31:06,919
One a very good one of a ship

1136
01:31:06,920 --> 01:31:10,924
full of refugees being bombed
somewhere in the Mediterranean.

1137
01:31:11,800 --> 01:31:16,012
Audience much amused by shots
of a great, huge, fat man

1138
01:31:16,013 --> 01:31:19,223
trying a swim away
with a helicopter after him.

1139
01:31:21,018 --> 01:31:24,562
Then you saw a lifeboat full of children

1140
01:31:24,563 --> 01:31:27,316
with a helicopter hovering over it.

1141
01:31:27,774 --> 01:31:31,319
There was a middle-aged woman,
might have been a Jewess,

1142
01:31:31,320 --> 01:31:33,906
sitting up in the bow
with a little boy

1143
01:31:34,865 --> 01:31:37,992
above three years old in her arms.

1144
01:31:37,993 --> 01:31:42,455
Then the helicopter planted
a 20-kilo bomb

1145
01:31:42,456 --> 01:31:43,624
in among them.

1146
01:31:44,124 --> 01:31:48,086
Terrific flash
and the boat went all to matchwood.

1147
01:31:51,256 --> 01:31:54,217
Then there was a wonderful shot
of a child's arm

1148
01:31:54,218 --> 01:31:57,303
going up, up, up,

1149
01:31:57,304 --> 01:31:59,472
right up into the air.

1150
01:31:59,473 --> 01:32:03,644
A helicopter with a camera in its nose
must have followed it up.

1151
01:32:04,186 --> 01:32:07,439
There was a lot of applause
from the party seats.

1152
01:32:09,441 --> 01:32:11,568
Winston stops writing

1153
01:32:12,319 --> 01:32:14,905
partly because he was suffering
from cramp.

1154
01:32:24,331 --> 01:32:28,126
Oh, what a piece of work
is the pursuit of truth.

1155
01:32:31,588 --> 01:32:34,049
Don't be a writer, Richard,
whatever you do.

1156
01:32:35,676 --> 01:32:37,177
Be a farmer.

1157
01:32:39,179 --> 01:32:40,764
And grow things.

1158
01:32:41,640 --> 01:32:42,975
Keep goats.

1159
01:32:48,397 --> 01:32:51,107
Our civilization is decadent

1160
01:32:51,108 --> 01:32:54,485
and our language,
so the argument runs,

1161
01:32:54,486 --> 01:32:58,073
must inevitably share
in the general collapse.

1162
01:32:59,199 --> 01:33:02,660
The words, democracy, socialism,

1163
01:33:02,661 --> 01:33:04,578
freedom, patriotic,

1164
01:33:04,579 --> 01:33:07,916
{\an8}realistic, justice,

1165
01:33:08,333 --> 01:33:11,502
{\an8}have each of them
several different meanings

1166
01:33:11,503 --> 01:33:14,297
which cannot be reconciled
with one another.

1167
01:33:14,298 --> 01:33:17,426
We can't accept injustice!

1168
01:33:17,759 --> 01:33:20,678
We love freedom!

1169
01:33:20,679 --> 01:33:22,388
And first of all...

1170
01:33:22,389 --> 01:33:25,016
But if thought corrupts language,

1171
01:33:25,017 --> 01:33:28,019
language can also corrupt thought.

1172
01:33:28,020 --> 01:33:30,062
And here's the truth,

1173
01:33:30,063 --> 01:33:32,149
Israel seeks peace.

1174
01:33:32,816 --> 01:33:34,776
Israel yearns for peace.

1175
01:33:35,235 --> 01:33:39,322
Israel has made peace
and will make peace again.

1176
01:34:50,394 --> 01:34:54,648
Political language is designed
to make lies sound truthful

1177
01:34:55,023 --> 01:34:57,274
and murder respectable.

1178
01:35:07,577 --> 01:35:13,458
Barnhill, Isle of Jura,
22nd of October, 1948.

1179
01:35:14,835 --> 01:35:16,377
Dear Fred,

1180
01:35:16,378 --> 01:35:19,380
I have just read Sartre's book
on antisemitism,

1181
01:35:19,381 --> 01:35:21,675
which you published, to review.

1182
01:35:22,384 --> 01:35:26,888
I think Sartre is a bag of wind
and I'm going to give him a good boot.

1183
01:35:27,431 --> 01:35:32,059
The less talk there is about "the" Jew
or "the" antisemite

1184
01:35:32,060 --> 01:35:36,772
as a species of animal
different from ourselves, the better.

1185
01:36:18,315 --> 01:36:19,899
At the start of 2024,

1186
01:36:19,900 --> 01:36:22,359
{\an8}Google cut 1,000 jobs.

1187
01:36:22,360 --> 01:36:24,570
Pichai says it's about

1188
01:36:24,571 --> 01:36:28,033
"removing layers
to simplify execution."

1189
01:36:28,658 --> 01:36:32,829
Tesla, we're told the company will lay
off over ten percent of its workforce.

1190
01:36:33,788 --> 01:36:37,708
UPS announced
it will lay off 12,000 employees.

1191
01:36:37,709 --> 01:36:40,961
The practice of staff ranking employees

1192
01:36:40,962 --> 01:36:43,380
might be making a comeback
in Silicon Valley.

1193
01:36:43,381 --> 01:36:45,675
The lay-offs
are already piling up this year.

1194
01:36:46,092 --> 01:36:48,302
The lay-offs
in technology just keep coming.

1195
01:36:48,303 --> 01:36:50,846
The latest,
Google just cutting hundreds of jobs.

1196
01:36:50,847 --> 01:36:52,389
OK, it's one thing to do that,

1197
01:36:52,390 --> 01:36:54,391
to, like, decide that at a high level.

1198
01:36:54,392 --> 01:36:57,478
How do you execute that
as compassionately as possible?

1199
01:36:57,479 --> 01:36:59,564
And there's no good way, um...

1200
01:37:00,690 --> 01:37:02,107
There's no perfect way, for sure,

1201
01:37:02,108 --> 01:37:04,193
and it's gonna be tough
no matter what,

1202
01:37:04,194 --> 01:37:06,237
but as a leadership team here,

1203
01:37:06,238 --> 01:37:08,113
we've certainly spent a lot of time
just thinking,

1204
01:37:08,114 --> 01:37:11,826
"OK, what is the most compassionate way
that we can do this?"

1205
01:37:24,130 --> 01:37:27,883
From where Winston stood,
it was just possible to read,

1206
01:37:27,884 --> 01:37:31,137
picked out on its white face
in elegant lettering,

1207
01:37:31,972 --> 01:37:34,598
the three slogans of the party,

1208
01:37:34,599 --> 01:37:37,351
Freedom is Slavery,

1209
01:37:37,352 --> 01:37:39,854
War is Peace,

1210
01:37:40,230 --> 01:37:43,107
Ignorance is Strength.

1211
01:37:56,246 --> 01:37:57,998
Again, how many fingers?

1212
01:38:00,625 --> 01:38:02,085
I don't know.

1213
01:38:03,336 --> 01:38:04,671
I don't know.

1214
01:38:05,797 --> 01:38:08,300
Four, five, six?

1215
01:38:09,426 --> 01:38:12,304
In all honesty, I don't know.

1216
01:38:20,729 --> 01:38:22,646
The Cotswold Sanatorium,

1217
01:38:22,647 --> 01:38:27,777
Cranham, Gloucestershire,
the 2nd of February, 1949.

1218
01:38:28,695 --> 01:38:33,949
Dear Julian, I wonder how you
and your family are getting on.

1219
01:38:33,950 --> 01:38:36,870
I have been in this place
about a month.

1220
01:38:37,245 --> 01:38:39,580
I think I told you last time I wrote

1221
01:38:39,581 --> 01:38:42,500
that I had been feeling very bad again.

1222
01:38:43,043 --> 01:38:45,377
Richard is getting on for five now

1223
01:38:45,378 --> 01:38:48,130
and is enormous and very healthy,

1224
01:38:48,131 --> 01:38:51,384
though still not interested
in learning his letters.

1225
01:38:52,093 --> 01:38:54,553
I suppose this coming winter

1226
01:38:54,554 --> 01:38:57,056
he will have to start going to school,

1227
01:38:57,057 --> 01:39:01,144
which he is certain to enjoy,
as he is very gregarious.

1228
01:39:22,624 --> 01:39:26,127
Cranham, 8th of April, 1949.

1229
01:39:26,753 --> 01:39:28,379
Dear Richard,

1230
01:39:28,380 --> 01:39:31,090
Don't depress the others
too much with this,

1231
01:39:31,091 --> 01:39:34,427
but the fact is
I am in a bad way at present.

1232
01:39:34,761 --> 01:39:37,847
They are going
to try streptomycin again.

1233
01:39:38,181 --> 01:39:40,141
If things go badly,

1234
01:39:40,558 --> 01:39:42,434
of course we'll hope they won't,

1235
01:39:42,435 --> 01:39:44,270
but one must be prepared for the worst,

1236
01:39:45,230 --> 01:39:48,357
I'll ask you to bring little Richard
to see me

1237
01:39:48,358 --> 01:39:50,360
before I get too frightening
in appearance.

1238
01:40:22,475 --> 01:40:27,230
Cranham, Gloucester,
22nd of August, 1949.

1239
01:40:28,356 --> 01:40:29,607
Dear Fred,

1240
01:40:30,108 --> 01:40:32,151
Could you please send one copy each

1241
01:40:32,152 --> 01:40:35,612
of Burmese Days
and Coming up for Air

1242
01:40:35,613 --> 01:40:38,867
to Sonia Brownell care of Horizon?

1243
01:40:40,410 --> 01:40:42,369
As I warned you I might do,

1244
01:40:42,370 --> 01:40:44,789
I intend getting married again,

1245
01:40:45,165 --> 01:40:46,416
to Sonia.

1246
01:40:47,292 --> 01:40:50,919
When I am once again
in the land of the living,

1247
01:40:50,920 --> 01:40:52,589
if I ever am,

1248
01:40:53,047 --> 01:40:56,426
I suppose everyone will be horrified,

1249
01:40:57,010 --> 01:41:00,304
but apart from other considerations,

1250
01:41:00,305 --> 01:41:03,057
I really think
I should stay alive longer

1251
01:41:03,516 --> 01:41:05,185
if I were married.

1252
01:41:08,897 --> 01:41:11,273
One, two!

1253
01:41:11,274 --> 01:41:14,234
One, two!

1254
01:41:14,235 --> 01:41:19,282
One, two!

1255
01:41:20,700 --> 01:41:22,242
Smith?

1256
01:41:22,243 --> 01:41:24,370
6079 Smith, W.?

1257
01:41:25,413 --> 01:41:27,999
Yes, you. Bend lower.

1258
01:41:29,334 --> 01:41:33,462
Winston wrenched his body
out of bed, naked.

1259
01:41:33,463 --> 01:41:36,715
The physical jerks
would begin in three minutes.

1260
01:41:36,716 --> 01:41:41,095
The next moment, he was doubled up
by a violent coughing fit,

1261
01:41:41,930 --> 01:41:44,807
which nearly always attacked him
soon after waking up.

1262
01:41:44,808 --> 01:41:47,935
It emptied his lungs so completely

1263
01:41:47,936 --> 01:41:50,270
that he could only begin breathing again

1264
01:41:50,271 --> 01:41:52,148
by lying on his back

1265
01:41:52,482 --> 01:41:55,109
and taking a series of deep gasps.

1266
01:42:07,997 --> 01:42:09,873
Dear Francis A. Henson

1267
01:42:09,874 --> 01:42:12,168
of the United Automobile Workers.

1268
01:42:12,836 --> 01:42:15,295
My recent novel
is not intended

1269
01:42:15,296 --> 01:42:17,548
as an attack on socialism

1270
01:42:17,549 --> 01:42:19,759
or on the British Labour Party,

1271
01:42:20,176 --> 01:42:22,469
of which I am a supporter,

1272
01:42:22,470 --> 01:42:25,180
but as a show-up of the perversions

1273
01:42:25,181 --> 01:42:28,600
to which a centralized economy
is liable

1274
01:42:28,601 --> 01:42:31,603
and which have
already been partly realized

1275
01:42:31,604 --> 01:42:34,232
in communism and fascism.

1276
01:42:34,691 --> 01:42:37,985
I do not believe
that the kind of society I describe

1277
01:42:37,986 --> 01:42:40,153
necessarily will arrive,

1278
01:42:40,154 --> 01:42:43,282
but I believe
that something resembling it

1279
01:42:43,283 --> 01:42:45,033
could arrive

1280
01:42:45,034 --> 01:42:47,536
and I have tried to draw these ideas out

1281
01:42:47,537 --> 01:42:49,831
to their logical consequences.

1282
01:42:50,373 --> 01:42:53,500
The scene of the book
is laid in Britain

1283
01:42:53,501 --> 01:42:57,129
in order to emphasize
that the English-speaking races

1284
01:42:57,130 --> 01:43:00,173
are not innately better
than anyone else

1285
01:43:00,174 --> 01:43:03,011
and that totalitarianism,

1286
01:43:03,469 --> 01:43:05,345
if not fought against,

1287
01:43:05,346 --> 01:43:07,432
could triumph anywhere.

1288
01:43:12,270 --> 01:43:13,730
We are the dead.

1289
01:43:16,024 --> 01:43:17,483
We are the dead.

1290
01:43:18,109 --> 01:43:20,111
You are the dead.

1291
01:43:21,237 --> 01:43:23,447
Remain exactly where you are.

1292
01:43:23,448 --> 01:43:26,199
Make no move
until you are ordered.

1293
01:43:40,757 --> 01:43:41,758
Don't resist.

1294
01:43:42,258 --> 01:43:43,384
Stand in the middle of the room!

1295
01:43:46,262 --> 01:43:48,848
Do not touch one another.

1296
01:43:51,309 --> 01:43:53,019
Take the woman!

1297
01:43:53,561 --> 01:43:55,562
No, don't let them take me!

1298
01:43:55,563 --> 01:43:58,440
No, no, no!

1299
01:44:00,693 --> 01:44:04,197
I warned you it wouldn't be
as peaceful here as you would like.

1300
01:44:05,365 --> 01:44:07,742
Nothing is hidden
from the Thought Police.

1301
01:44:19,253 --> 01:44:21,630
"How does one man assert his power

1302
01:44:21,631 --> 01:44:23,633
over another, Winston?"

1303
01:44:24,550 --> 01:44:26,094
Winston thought.

1304
01:44:27,053 --> 01:44:29,555
"By making him suffer," he said.

1305
01:44:30,056 --> 01:44:33,600
"Exactly, by making him suffer."

1306
01:44:39,482 --> 01:44:41,526
Obedience is not enough.

1307
01:44:41,985 --> 01:44:43,695
Unless he is suffering,

1308
01:44:44,779 --> 01:44:47,531
how can you be sure
that he is obeying your will

1309
01:44:47,532 --> 01:44:48,741
and not his own?

1310
01:44:50,994 --> 01:44:54,830
Power is in inflicting pain
and humiliation.

1311
01:44:59,460 --> 01:45:03,171
Power is in tearing human minds
to pieces

1312
01:45:03,172 --> 01:45:06,508
and putting them together again
in new shapes

1313
01:45:06,509 --> 01:45:08,593
of your own choosing.

1314
01:45:23,401 --> 01:45:25,527
If you want a vision of the future,
Winston,

1315
01:45:25,528 --> 01:45:29,490
imagine a boot stamping
on a human face forever.

1316
01:45:31,534 --> 01:45:34,370
Please.

1317
01:45:39,333 --> 01:45:41,626
I don't care what you do to her,
but do it to her.

1318
01:45:41,627 --> 01:45:43,838
Tear her face off,
do it to Julia and not to me!

1319
01:45:46,424 --> 01:45:48,634
Do it to Julia!

1320
01:45:49,343 --> 01:45:51,637
Do it to Julia!

1321
01:45:52,263 --> 01:45:53,598
Not me!

1322
01:45:55,016 --> 01:45:59,811
Do you begin to see then
what kind of world we are creating?

1323
01:46:38,810 --> 01:46:42,354
All we have done
is to advance to a point

1324
01:46:42,355 --> 01:46:46,359
at which we could make
a real improvement in human life,

1325
01:46:47,193 --> 01:46:49,779
but we shan't do it
without the recognition

1326
01:46:50,196 --> 01:46:52,949
that common decency is necessary.

1327
01:47:13,261 --> 01:47:15,721
My chief hope for the future

1328
01:47:16,139 --> 01:47:17,974
is that the common people

1329
01:47:18,474 --> 01:47:22,603
have never parted company
with their moral code.

1330
01:48:56,030 --> 01:48:57,198
I betrayed you.

1331
01:48:57,907 --> 01:48:59,658
I betrayed you.

1332
01:48:59,659 --> 01:49:01,451
I told them all about you.

1333
01:49:01,452 --> 01:49:03,120
Yes, I told them about you too.

1334
01:49:07,291 --> 01:49:08,876
I ask only...

1335
01:49:09,627 --> 01:49:12,088
for you to accept my love
of our leader.

1336
01:49:12,630 --> 01:49:16,425
I love Big Brother.

1337
01:49:16,842 --> 01:49:18,301
Long live Big Brother.

1338
01:49:18,302 --> 01:49:26,227
Long live Big Brother!
Long live Big Brother!

1339
01:49:26,727 --> 01:49:30,230
Long live Big Brother!
Long live Big Brother!

1340
01:49:30,231 --> 01:49:33,567
Long live Big Brother!

1341
01:49:47,498 --> 01:49:49,582
Ladies and gentlemen,

1342
01:49:49,583 --> 01:49:53,587
please welcome the next president
of the United States,

1343
01:49:54,088 --> 01:49:57,508
President Donald J. Trump.

1344
01:50:00,678 --> 01:50:04,390
The greatest fear that I have
regarding the outcome

1345
01:50:04,849 --> 01:50:08,810
for America of these disclosures
is that nothing will change.

1346
01:50:08,811 --> 01:50:13,356
People will see in the media,
all of these disclosures.

1347
01:50:13,357 --> 01:50:17,110
They'll know the lengths
the government is going to

1348
01:50:17,111 --> 01:50:20,823
to grant themselves powers unilaterally

1349
01:50:21,240 --> 01:50:26,202
um, to create greater control
over American society

1350
01:50:26,203 --> 01:50:27,954
and global society,

1351
01:50:27,955 --> 01:50:30,665
but they won't be willing

1352
01:50:30,666 --> 01:50:34,127
to take the risks necessary
to stand up

1353
01:50:34,128 --> 01:50:36,338
and fight to change things,

1354
01:50:36,339 --> 01:50:39,341
to force their representatives

1355
01:50:39,342 --> 01:50:42,635
to actually take a stand
in their interests.

1356
01:50:42,636 --> 01:50:44,512
{\an8}In four years,
you won't have to vote again.

1357
01:50:44,513 --> 01:50:46,765
{\an8}We'll have it fixed so good,
you're not gonna have to vote.

1358
01:50:52,480 --> 01:50:54,482
How do we solve
collective-action problems?

1359
01:50:55,441 --> 01:50:57,984
We solve them with democracy.

1360
01:50:57,985 --> 01:51:02,238
So, there is one thing
that surveillance capitalists fear.

1361
01:51:02,239 --> 01:51:05,408
It may not be me
as an individual

1362
01:51:05,409 --> 01:51:07,118
or you as an individual

1363
01:51:07,119 --> 01:51:09,287
or your son or daughter
as an individual,

1364
01:51:09,288 --> 01:51:13,376
but what they fear is all of us
mobilized together now.

1365
01:51:29,183 --> 01:51:31,184
"If there is hope,"

1366
01:51:31,185 --> 01:51:33,729
wrote Winston,
"It lies in the proles,

1367
01:51:34,897 --> 01:51:39,110
If there was hope,
it must lie in the proles

1368
01:51:40,444 --> 01:51:43,613
because only there
in those swarming,

1369
01:51:43,614 --> 01:51:45,698
disregarded masses,

1370
01:51:45,699 --> 01:51:49,244
85% of the population of Oceania,

1371
01:51:49,245 --> 01:51:51,955
could the force to destroy the party

1372
01:51:51,956 --> 01:51:54,125
ever be generated.

1373
01:51:55,167 --> 01:51:59,839
{\an8}The party could not be overthrown
from within."

1374
01:53:11,702 --> 01:53:13,329
Daily routine

1375
01:53:14,288 --> 01:53:16,749
at University College Hospital.

1376
01:53:17,958 --> 01:53:19,168
"How did you sleep?"

1377
01:53:21,504 --> 01:53:22,880
7 to 7:30 a.m.

1378
01:53:25,132 --> 01:53:26,175
Temperature taken.

1379
01:53:28,636 --> 01:53:30,513
7:30 to 8.

1380
01:53:32,097 --> 01:53:33,641
Blanket bath.

1381
01:53:35,059 --> 01:53:36,393
"Back" rubbed.

1382
01:53:38,103 --> 01:53:39,605
10:30.

1383
01:53:40,940 --> 01:53:43,859
Ward maid comes to sweep room.

1384
01:53:48,113 --> 01:53:51,742
6:45, dinner.

1385
01:53:52,493 --> 01:53:55,913
10, temperature taken.

1386
01:53:56,830 --> 01:53:58,916
A drink of some sort.

1387
01:54:00,543 --> 01:54:02,461
10:30 about.

1388
01:54:04,088 --> 01:54:05,631
Bed "tipped"

1389
01:54:06,298 --> 01:54:08,259
and light put out

1390
01:54:09,218 --> 01:54:10,678
shortly after.